장음표시 사용
151쪽
-- immortalitate animorum: his is commone than immoriandas animi, for the immortalit of the oul' so Lael. 4 Tusc. I, Maesemisu animorum. - Maaeruisset subjunctive hecauae involv. ing the statementa es some ther person than in spe er A. MI, c; G. 63o H. 528 I. -ia qui eaae etc. man great enough ohave been declared Wisest See n. o Lael. 7 A uinis ... iuri eum. - aio: cf. ita bove. - celerita animorum the ancient picitured to themselves the indis a substanc cap te os exceedi lyrapid movement es Tusc. I, 43 Mua re celerisas quae fossit cum mimi celeri se consendere. - tantae acientiam: as the plures of scientia is innostin om in classices Latin recent editora tali scientiae herea genitive, many aris requiring o much knowleves'. In favor of this interpretation are suc passages as Acad. 2, 46 arum sine scientia esse non osse; in s a ut omnes aries in Migua scientiatem sentur. et in De in I, 6 H ira ista a maraematica et quae paulo aviae restarum artium propria posuisti, scientiae sun eorum qui tua mfluntur it is very --arda tis scientiae a genitive. - cumque Semper etc. thia argument is copied ver closelydrom Plato sitam drus, 245 C. - principium motus πια κινεσεω in Plato. - ae ipse: f. n. - a se ipsi. - cum implex etc. from Plato sPhaedo, 78 o. he generat dris of the inlinient is his materialthius decambemus the are communded os paris that tali Munder;
there is nothing t sho. that the foui is so compounded therefore noreason to belleve that it illiso decay. Notice in imperfecis esset. . . haberet ... Misaccommodased to the tense of pressiam above, althoughthe ther subjunctives in the sentence are in cf. n. on a inceren--- neque ... dissimum in modem phraseolog the whole of this clause ould e briefl expresse thus - and was homogeneous - posset ρι-ώ - hereas is , he subjec os fossis Min animus, and FHE Min understood. - magno argumento: ἔκ-ν τεκμήριον in Pi Phaed. 7 A. Belle in the immortalit of the oui naturalty follows the acceptance of the doctrine firmexisten . homine scire etc. See Plato, Phaedo, 7 73 B. The notio that
the ovis of men existe before the hodies .ites hic the are comnected has Menoel in ali ages an has osten found expression inliterature. The Englis poets have no infrequently allude to t. Se Wordsmorin id o the Intimations o Immortalit hom the Recollections es an Childhood, our iri is ut a flee an atomeriing etc. also in ennyson's T. Volces the passage mim
152쪽
et ho. should Psor certain hold, cause m memormis o colo, That Ufira Was in human mould preminiae et recordari a do te translationi Plato' Mum GHσκεσθαι, quite in Cicero's fashion; the forme Wor implies a momenta aci the lalter one of some duration. - haec Platonia fere soriar Plato Ps. apud Xenophontem Cyropaedia, 8 7, 7 foris ae es. 3o; .hen Cic. says that a passage is A in ' a certain author notiamin thebook he se apud no in. - maior the lder' es. 59 CFrum minorem. - nolite Rrhitrari a common Periphrasis A. 69, a, a G. 264, ΙΙ. Η. 489 I. - dum eram the imperfect Wit dum is not common; See o , 458, c; A. 76 e n. G. 572, 57I; H. IRI. 467, 4 Wit n. P. 38. - m. ne . teneremva the ouis of the dea continueto exert an influenc on the living or eis thei fame mouid notremain; a ea argument. - mihi. . . Potuit: es. 8a nemo. . . msuadebis. - vivere. . . emori: adversative asyndeton. - insipientem in Xen. φρων, i. e. ithout pomer of thinhing. - sed: hut ather that ... - hominia natura a periphrasis for omo; es Fin. 3, 33 inultimin si quando nasuram ominis dicam, ominem aetere me nihi enim hoc 'L- nihil ... somnum et a artist from Homer Il. 6 68a onmaros have picture deat assieepys brother f. Masing How the Ancients Represented Death. . atqui se n. on 6. - dormientium animi etc. se Div. I, 6 Where a passage of simila impor is translate hom Plato sine. public Ix ib. II 5.-remias et liheri es Div. I, II animus mlinus ac vacuus; De r. 2, I93 arimo leni ac remisso. - corporia thesingular, though animi precedes So in Lael. 3; uSc. 2, Ia, etc pulchritudinem: κόφιον Cic. translatescit by omaeus in Acad. , II Where is omaeus corresponda torale mundus adtule earlier. tuentur se n. n 7 euerentur. - aere itia future for impediative. A. 26 L G. 265 I; H. 487, 4.
153쪽
exceptionalty non eo saneu nisi emerent for non cona eram nisi vidissent-cemerent: Seemon Ixquaereretur. - ut ... glorier: in Arch. γ Cic. maris the fame reflections in almos the fame mordaa ut his o machievements. - siliquid Se n. na qui . P. εὐ- a talem etc. cf. Arch. a si nihi animus praesentiret ... dimicaret. - Retatem: Maam. - traducere: Cf. usc. 3, 5 volumus Me quod datum est visae tranquiue placideque traducere.
nescio quo modo A. I in Rem. G. 469, Rem a H. 529, 5, 33. - erigens am Acad. 2, Ia erimmur, Hariores feri videmur. haud ... niteretur in Cicero' speeches Aaud scarcet occurs except fore adverbs and the verbiscis in the philosophicat writings and in the Letters efore many the verba. - immortalitatis gloriam: a Balta I seminum nominis gIoriam. f. also Arch. 26 trahimur omnes amaei laudis et optimus quisque maxime Horia ducitur. m. non viderea either non in erem non tum a tot expected, a Cicero domino osten end sentences o clauae Wit non. - colui et dilexi: so a coluntur et iuruntur. - videndi Cic. for themost par moida the genitive plura of the gerundive in agreement ith a noun, and uses the gerund achere. eissne nines that Latinhasio ver, ith the sense a se again', hic a modem mouidisse here. - conacripat in the Oriones. - quo: id quos; e n. Ono fore unde. - Pelian mistahe of Cicero's. It was notrilias but his half-brother Aeson, father of Iason, Whom ede madeyoung againi cultinchim to pieces and botlinthim in her enchanted catadron She, hoWever induce the da Mers of Pelias to to the fame experiment Wit thei father the issue, o course, a very SL ferent. Plautus, Pseud. 3, 2 8 Seem to mata the fame mista . si quia deua the present subjunctive is notice te strictly an impossibi conditionishould require the pastriense, but in vivid passages an impossibi condition is momentarii treate a possibie. G Cic. generali saya si revisis coinquis, notis misceret. - decum SP tio: whenes have run myrace'. 'e n. On 4 Lucreti ra I a distas decurso Iumine visae. - ad carcere a vice carceres ere the barrier. Und whic the horses an cars stoo waitin forthe race cata γραμμέ)ὶ literatim a chaiked line 'as What, should cail the winning post'. f. Lael. IOI Tusc. I, 5 nunc ideo calcem ad quam eum sit decursum, nihi sis praesere extim cenaeum. M. haheat concessive A. 66, c; G. 57 H. 484, 3. - multi
et ei docti as agelsbach, Stilisti gas, , remaris, Cic. HWays
154쪽
es thia phras an no mum doeta. ne of the book Cic. has in vie. is no doub that o Hegesias, a Cyrenaic philosopher, mentionedinaus I, 8 - commorandi. . . divorsorium ' a hosteiry Whereinto Hourn . The idea hac en expressed in literature in a thousandWays. f. Lucr. 3, 3 cur non in plenus iure conviν recedis; Hor Sat. I, I, II risu cedas in convisa satur Cicero osten insistatha heaven is in diem aes aque domus of the foui es Tusc. I, II83. Cf. Epist. to the Hebrem, 3, 4 mere have, no continuin es , hut, Me one in come . - concilium coetumque : so in Rep. 6, 3 concilia coetusque hominum quae crin Mes vocaneum The Orci here Mem to impi that the reia tamitas is bove; ha seems O mena civitas is meret a disorganiged croWd. P. 85. -- Catonem meum: see 5, 8 so Cicero in his letters
by onera ut o Place. - meum D sci corpus cremari. - quo:
putrior aras graue, as osten. - visu aum peopte thoughtes ore u braVed'. - non . . . . sed a relative clause parallelisit a categoricali assirmative clause. The usam is notis ommon thoughCic osten has non quo ... sed quia For offerrem se A. MI, ae Rem. G. MI, Rem. I. H. I6, ΙΙ. . M. dixisti in - qui here tum e , since I. . . . - e torquBri volo n. on a mari volo. minuti philosophi for theword minutus es. n. on 6 Cic. has minuti philosophi in Acad. a 75; Div. I, 6a in in I, 6L minuti et an usu hominesὶ in Bruti 265 m. im ratoreae es. Suet. Aug. 83 m. sueri. - - sentiam : future indic tive. - peractio the nou is sal to occur onlfhere in Cic. cf. hoWeVer 64 fervere; o. - haec . . . dicerem: the fame orta
cur at the end of the Laelius for aleo quod Dam Cic. osten avaliae dicere, M in Balb. 34.
155쪽
157쪽
LAELIUS. λI DATE F COMPOSITION. ΤΗ Laelius Was probabi composed in June of the ear 44 B. C. Fro De Divinatione , i, Di is clea that he that wor appeare the Laelius hae notoe been written, While the Cato aior ad atready been published. In the Dei iis, whic is no mentione in the passage referre to bove, thereis a reserence to the Laelius. Now the Cato aio Was composed in the spring of 44 B. C., and the Dei iis in the followin November. As Cicero a travellin durin Jul and August, hil September an October ere occupied by the Dei iis, e ma suppos that the Laelius as ritie in June of the fame year. 32. GREER SOURCES. There is a starementi Aulus Gellius ahat Cicero in ritingine Laelius took fortis modet a book os Theophrastus, entilled Περὶ Φίλως, hicli appears to have been the mos famous of theman treatises o the subject The imitation as, however, on Cicero philosophicat Cicero' state of min at
158쪽
accordin to Gellius, exceedingi free. Theophrastus stated simplfhis own vlews and wroterior philosophersa Cicero rotem genera reaclers, an put his statement into the mouili os Laelius Who, as a distinguished Roman genera an statesman, Would o be expecte to go very deepi into philosophical questions. Besides his genera folio in o Theophrastus there re one or two direct imitations os a discourse of Socrates o Friendship recorde by Xenophon in the Memorabilia ' Inhythere is a stigii reference to the Theaetetus os lato. Be-yon thes no distinc adaptation o Gree originals an euaced It is extremel doubtiu whether Cicero in making thistreatis used the Nicomachean Mira though e ne of iis existence' and ad perhaps rea it. Severa potiris os resem-blance belween that wor and the Laelius cani accounte sorby the fac that manno Aristolle' ethical ulterances ad passedint commonplaces. Cicero a probabi acquainted is Plato' sis, butis direct imitationis it an e potnte out. Undoubtedi he ea an used here and there ther Greehtreatises o Frieneship whicli are o now extant. In us headapis ome lines of Euripides hic Plutarch says were Commente o by Chrysippus in the book Περὶ Φιλιας the verses Were so wel known hoWever, that here is no ground for suspectiniimitation. 3 SCOPE O THE LAELIUS. The Laelius belong to the ethica work of Cicero. Whilethe De Finibus Bonorum et Malorum contains Cicero' vie sis the principies of morality the the ethica writings are con- cerne with the applications of thos principies to actua lila.
The subjectis Friendship. to hicli the Laelius is devoted, though very litile elaborate by modern philosophers, hel an
159쪽
important place in the morat system of the ancients. In post- Platoni times specialty after the reedom o Gree politicallis Was extinguished an me o culture ad to fin private ouileis for their enero, a Friendshi brouo into prominence. Numerous realises ere speciali devote to t. Aseparate dialogue was .ven to it by lato, vi et the stris, and two whol book of the Nicomachean Erato vΙΙΙ. an IX xbyAristolle. In the Laelius, however, the ange of questions discusse is far narrower than was commoni the caseisit the Gree philosopher Who rote noli subjeci. The Greeli φιλια include every formo association, even the relations of man to man, os citigenes citigen, o purchaser to huyer, and the like Cicero, however, se amicitia in a sense hic is almost
that exhaustive discussionis ali question whichi ad been inisedo might be mise touchin Friencihi in his narrower sense, which, fine in the two abou mentione book of the Nicomachean Ethio. The practice of friendshimis discussed almost tothe exclusionis it theo . Cicero' treatis is incleed a indos popular essay, dealin With thos aspects of the subject Whichcould est e made interestincto eadem in generat Againand again during the course of the dialogue e emphasiges thepractica character of the realise. Indee to have made ithighi speculative Mould have illisutis the character of the
4. FERSONAGES OF THE LAELIUS. A. HS sioni circle. The age of the ounge Africanus as remarkable for therapid spread os Helleniam among the educated Romans Scipio forme the centre os a large an influentia circle, composed parti o Roman admirer o Gree ari an literature, parti ot
meret taking the catalogues Speusippus, Xenocrates, and in Diogenes Laertius we find sep Aristolle. rate Worksin the subjecti Crito,
160쪽
Gree and Roman me os letters Helleniam ha been poπα- fulcior severat generations in Latin literatur an sociat lue. In the Hellenismo the Scipioni circle, o ever no onj emol tendencies quickened, ut a nefand important influenco was added that of the Gree philosophy. Although the in domis the Greeks was known in part to the Romans at a muchearlier time, ita practicatio emove them dates hom the famous Athenia embassy of Iss . . composed os in three great philosophers, Carneades the Academic Diogenes the Stoic, and Critolaus the Peripatetic. Aster this time est the Gree systems struch roo a Rome but by far the greates influenc Was exerte by Stoicism, of Whic nearly ali me member of Scipio's society had a tincture more ordes strong. Thus Scipio himselfWas devote to the societ of the Stoic philosopher Panaetius ;Laelius hae leamed Stoicism from both Panaetius and Diogenes. There are many tinges of Stoicismoraceable in ur dialogue. These oble Romans, hoWever adopte in Stoic philosophymore on account of iis utilit in supplyin a oundatio fortheories of la. an government than as a formo faith. The Stoicism the professe Was also a Stoicism deprive of ita paradoxes an speciali ad te is Roman instes. In his sorm it ultimatet exercise a profound influenc on the n tional life o Rome. Though the prevalent bent of the Scipionic circle a towarda Stoicism, it a far rom rejecting the societ of those hoadhere to ther systema Thus Clitomachus, the New Ac demic, was the friendis many Romans of hio station in his time. On the literar fide the circle of Scipio and Laelius Was strong. To it belongediolybius, the great historian Lucilius the satirist, and the dramatist Terence an Pacuvius, it many offers scarcet les distinguished. e cannot here ove an detested account of the persons ho forme this brilliant society, ut
must confine urselvecto such information ascis necessarnis illustrate the Laelius.