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it Seneca allo. Cato the ounge to have been reali sapiens. optantur a philosophe who propound Wil theoriescis osten aidb Cicero optare; cf. Acad. a Ia somnia Democriti non docentis sed optantis Tusc. 2, 3 ostare hoc quidem est, non docere N. D. I, 9 ossata magis quam in ina Leg. gr. I, I coruus sapientium ano rara furiosorum. f. n. o II.
P. 8. - . Fahricium : C. Fabricius Luscinus, consul in in and 278 an censor in 7 B. C., commande against yrrhus, and was famed ior his integrity one o Pyrrhus fuit is sal to have madem offer o Fabricius to Oison the ing Fabricius meret sent oinform the in that there Was a plo against his lila. - Μ'. Curium se n. o C. Μ. I Fabricii. - Ti. Comancanium theciose frien o Dentatus see 39ὶ commande Wit distinctionagainst the Etruscans in 28 B. C. in C. Μ. 7 hecis mentione asone of thos quorum usque ad extremum spirisum est 'overe frudentia. - iudicahant esse omitte a Wit inurrresamur bove. - normam standard . - ath haheant: cf. the forma empressionissed by a Roman ushan in divorcin his iis duas res tibi Aabeto. - invidiosum et hacurum arrogant an unintelli-gilae . - concedant ut: hen conceaeere means to give permissionio do omethincit regulari takes ut it subjunctive, but When it means to admit a fac it is regularly follo ed by the accusative mith infinitive. he surioine passage hows the distinction Rosc. Am.
54 concedo tibi ut ea praeterea quae, cum sacra, uua esse concedis.
Sometimes, however Cicero substitutes the subjunctive constructionfor the infinitive butio vice versa a in ur passage an Fin. 5 78 si soleis concedis ut virtus sola vitam sciat beatam. In such passages the effect of the admission is ather looke to than the admissionitself he meaning here is de them mahe suc an admission a tob incit about that these Were good men . - sapienti a Mumus
19. pingui Minerva: Wit ou gros Mis'. nother formosthe prover is crassa Minerva es also Cic. Off. I, II imia a Lnerva Hor A. P. 385 Minerva in these phrases stand for Wila' or intellect . The expression ut aiunt 223, quod aiunt, or aiunt
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tWeen the wo r. e. after in aerisas , in accordance With a laahaon exceeclingi common in Cicero. Haias and munitas, loyalty anduprighiness, are cognate qualities, as are aequitas and Merari as, reasonabienes sor airneas an generosin. f. Sestici eos qui omnia divina et humana violarin vexarint serturbarim evenerint, herethe word violarint vexaristio together an refero divina, hiletherias imo Word refer o humana. Other examples illis found inmayor' n. o Phil. 2 89. - cupiditas Ithaeo audacia: Aia Sion, caprice, temeri Cic. generalty se. g. c. I, o translates μιθυμία by cupiditas or vidimus. e tway uses audacia in a badsense cf. De Inventiis, I 65 audacia... vitium est. His se in a. good sense is ver rare in ther authors. - constantia: Cf. n. on
constanti omini. -- - quatis. - naturam ... ducem: f. n.
o I7. he sentiment is an echo of Stoicism. The Stoic ali faid that the me life was lite accordin to nature, but the were not agreedas to the meaning of the wor nature Some ook it o mea thenatural constitutionis man other the constitutio of the universe, from hic by contemplatio the wis man re his rutes of lila. With the woros o Cicero here es Arch. Is P multos etc. - Sic ethe adver here takes the place of an objecto fers cere, suc assale aliquid. - mihi perspicere videor a modest Way of sayingserarisio. - ita: inde this condition ' so I Tusc. 3, 5 ea Ierenos erae naus ut ... - societas this is the doctrine of Aristolle
in his Politim I I φύσει ἄνθρωπos πολιτικὲν ριννὶ, hic Ciceroremat an expand in many passages. f. speciali Off. I, o an si, here the different grades o socia union are et fori ashere also Acad. I, 2I Leg. I, 3 and 6I; Fin. 3, 66 and 3, 66. Onthe doctrine that socia an politica organization is no the resultos agreementi invention, but has it origi in the essentia elements
of man' nature, se Woolsey, Politica Science, Par 2 Ch. a, e Peciali o. - ut ... accederet ac nobis, nos o ad nos es three constructions ein found wit proxime accedere in Cicero . f. ss. I, o stime societas hominum coniunctioque servabisuri si ut uisque erit coniunctissimus, is in eum benignitatis plurimum conferetur; also for ut quisque f. Verr. 4, 43 Off. I, 5 an belo o. - alieni A strangers , hether of ou own or es an other country. Observe that Hienus is neverisse in good Latin it the sense of the English alien'. - natura ipsa: i. e. nature an natur Only;her efforis no havin been seconde by thos of men. f. Arcta
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-- propinquitati: relationshim includin the relationshi oscitiae to citiae a mellis that of the member of a famil one oanother. - non potest, Latin idio requires the repetitio of the ver roses in the negative clause, here Englis idiom ouldomit t. - propinquitatiω for the omitte adversative particlessecor the like cf. n. on 3 Laelium ...puus. m. res in in I7. - duos Whil duo for duos is classicali Rob' Vol. I, p. 442 Kennedy,4 33 V. the weight of ΜSS. evidenoe is in favor es duos as the Ciceronian form. - iungeretur: o the ense se A. 287, a G. II, Rem. 2 H. 495 I. - enim: the condition es amicitia here ove axe so dissiculti fulsilment that the account for the rarit os caritas fas above inter duos aut paucos , whic is the kerne os triendship. - omnium ... consensio in is it is salo that the whole it somnis is es frientahi lies in the consensio voluntarum studiorum sententiarum. In the present passagethe objecis to arci hic the oluntates, studia, an sensentiore aret be directe are so describe acto include ali hings in heaven an earth. The division es ad tangs into res divinae an res mmanae elonge to veryda tat an has no reference to an philosophica system. f. the litteras Varro' Meates Work, Antiquimus rerum umanarum et iminarum ἰ also Iustin. Inst. I, , , definitiono iuris uiuentia, divinarum atque humanarum rerum notitia, iustiasque in sti scientia. Compare it this definition es friendshipAristolle Rhet. 2 4 εοθω his φιλεῖν ὁ βούλεσθα τινι a -ται
ἀγαθά, μεμυ νεκα, ἁλλα ιι αὐτου καὶ δ κατὰ δύναμιν arminuebν εἶναι τούτων. f. Eth. Nic. 2, 7, 3. Also Cic. Inveni. 2, 66 amicitia, Munsas rem aliquem rerum bonarum iuius ipsius causa quem diligit cum eius pari volunM Planc. 3 verus est lex tua iussae vera que amicitiae ut idem amici semper velint, nec est ultam cereius amicitiae vinculum quam consensus et ramissas consiliorum et voluntatum Sallust, Cat. 2 idem velle atque idem nolle, ea demum 'ma amicitia est.
Neither in Eth. Nic. Book 8 andis, nor in Plato' Lysis, is nyver exac definitionis friendshi attempted. - henevolentia et caritate: lindlines an affectioi'. These ord are ite thusjoined a in est 6 Phil. 2, Io an IIa Off. I, M. f. 32 benevolentiae carimum. Cum benevolentia et cari ase qualis consensio. haud scio an in Cic. and the hest,riters his phraseris assirmativo
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γέ-s, οδ μειον ἀγαθὴν,- ῆλθεν ομ' ηξει ποτὲ φ θνητῆ γένει δω niθὲν ἐκ θεῶν, hic Cic. thus turn in his translation, at the en of the fragmen oscit hic is preserved: o bono virum o ab ius nullum
aeriantius neque darum est moriarium oneri deorum concessu a que
munere neque do dum Cic. frequently imitates the passage, ac low, 47 Academica I, T Tusc. I, 64 Leg. I, 58. - divitias alii etc. res closely 86. - extremum extremum here Unis, in the sense of is bonorum o summum bonum. The passage is alme a Epicurus and his follower Who secudis es hominis idem bonum censen Academ. I, 6 . P. s. - oaduca et incerta: fleetin and unstable ' es. De om. Io caduca semper et moritia. - illi: c. faciunt. Qui the Stolas and
Peripatetics. -- nec sine etc. cf. I nisi in bonis amicitiam esse non
8, 2, 3 π.- esse : emphatic exist . n. iam: to proceed' as esten. - consuetudine sermoni :cf. Vere 4 Io cotidiana dicendi consuetudine. - nec . . . metiamur: no intende to contrast strongi Wit the fidit par of the sentence, othemis non Mould have been writte for nec an eam omittessi The clauseris reali explanator - non medimus. For the construotion es metiri es. n. o 97, an for the expression με τρειν τι πινι in
Aristollela Ethics. -magnificentia es Plato Symp. Ioi καλοbs λόγου καὶ μεγαλοπρεπειs S magni cum in 32. - virosque: Isa negative proposition is follo ed by an inmative, in hic thosam thought is expresse or continueri, que et o ac is emploecli Latin here in Englis .e se mut advig, 433, Obs 2;cf. o , 22 . - Paulos etc. the plura in the sense of menlike P. etc. For Paulus cf. 9 for Gallus 9 an io for Philus 4.
- omnino. . . rePeriuntur: Cf. 9, 8 n. O nemo.
M opportunitates the or os retinuas is opportuneneas rather han opportuniis'. o a that friencihi hac opportun nesses is equivalento saying that it hows the characteristic es opportunenes. o many occasions Cicero se the plura es abstraci ouns like his more frequently than an other author f. A. 75, c; G. 93 Rem 5; Η γ, a. - vix queos Cic. alma
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of the ver nequire. - qui seem on . . , p. 3.-vit Vitalis: it is no known to What orco Ennius the quotation helores The ord are an imitation fissos βιωτόs. In his οὐ style, Cic. Would have ritte vita potest esse ulla es. 86 visam esse nullam Ῥίον eti/- --rον. - quae . . . Conquiescit hic cloes no findoeacein an interchange of hinones Mith a friend' Cf. Aristot Eth. ita 9, 9, 3. - id dulcius the omissionis bot enim an est gives an abrupi emphasis to the question soci 55, γ, o, 3 99-- quicum: Cf. n. O a quocum For the sense of this passage SeyLfert et compares Seneca de Tranquill Animi c. 7 quantum bonum
est ubi sunt prae mea pectora in quae tuto secretum omne descendas, quorum consciantiam minus quam tuam timeas, quorum sermo sollicitudinem leniat, sententia consilium experiat, Harisas tristitiam dissi crans reus ipse delectet. - quis lit. A What ori est Quis Would have meant meret Whati Taneus is here ni a rhetorica varbatio for magnus, an a sanetus implies uaneus there is reali anellipsis. io the contex es Aristot Eth. ic. 9, 9, 2. - fructu r enjoment'. - ac See A. 56. a G. 646 m. 554 I. 2 n. sine eo: takes the place of a conditiona clause See A. 3Io G. 594, 3 H F7, 3 n. 7. - quae expetuntur: Whic are objeciso destre ' Cic. commoni uses ex sere, ex unda to represent the Gree Hρειν, αἱρετά, hic are technica term common to ali helater Gree philosophica schools Anythin Whic forma par of
the summum bonum is Οὐετόν. Mi. 4 expetendas 8 expetita. valetudo: - here the bona v. fisci; f. n. on 8. - amicitia asversative asyndeton. - ioco perhaps abi. o separation it emcruditur. Nullo loco Minoweve have an adverbia sense equivalentio that o nusquam. The adver praesto in the precedin clausemahes this probabie, and the probabilit is increased by luribus lorisbelo. A. 258, f; G. 385 Rem. H. 25, 2. - ut aiunt: n. O I9. Fire and water ere fixed upo a therars necessaries of life in the aqua et igni in e ictio, hic, as equivalent to a sentence of exile. Cf. aera, set ex quo sunt tua communia in ax non pro/ibere aqua pro ense, pati ab ioci nem ea re si qui velit Iustiniani Inst. I, I Gai Inst. I, 6I. - quae ... prodest a Sideton Protest
- disiectat et prodeat somor A. . 333 in prodesse volunt aut delectare poetae. - vera et perfecta: pure an fauilless y the
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ib. 8, 5, 3 an ηει φιλια in Plato, Lysis I D cf. rea amicidia in 3, 58. - pauci ci. 5. For the us Wit qui se A. I 6 e G. 368, Rem re 397, 2 n. - partiens Communicansque thet o participies differ very litti in meaning - no more idely than dividini an sharini in English. In artios the notion os mere
division is more prominent, in communicans the notion o comrade-shimor parinership cf. 24 in sericulis ... communicandis. P. Io. - 23. commoditates ver litti different in sense romo remnimus in a. inportunisas expresses ather the de of enceptiona appropriateneas, comm uas ather the characteristic of
stat the norma construction it cum . . . rum is for both clausesto have the fame vere, o for the verba si different in both clausest he in the fame oo an tense. The reason for the variation here is the destre to Oint ut that the fac containe in the clausecum . . . contineat is ne hic has bee Hready mentione and di pose of Seein that friendshi fumishes ver many an impoditant ovantages ...' Continet would have been appropriate ad the factio. been mentione for therars time. f.,advig. 358, M. 3; A. 326, b G. 589, M. a I, 2, 23, . I. - illa. . . Omnibus: tua, abi. u. commoditate es. I Me messat omnibus - omnibus rebus, the verba praeuat an fraelucet havin the fame subjeci, amicitia. Μm editors in orde to avoid the exceptiona omnibus - omnibus rebus, ah tua se commoduas subjecto praeuar so that omnibus et i comm uatibus, hil praelucet has for iis subjeci amicitia. The neuter omnibus se a substantive thoughoare, is mel attested; cf. . D. 2, 36 a I 33 De Fato 4 liv. I, 45 3, 3. SPem praelucet the ver praelucere is rare even in poeir an Ver rare
in prose. The transitive se holos up the light of hope' may perhaps e allowe here though the ni passages quote for it bythe editor an dictionaries are Auson. Idyll. 4, 3 p. Iumen, and Plaut Casina I, 3 p. facem Plin. at Hist. 32 I4 has praeluc ubaculum, i. e. Set o fire'. - verum amicum the or verusis to M aken in a les strici sense than in a vera amicitia. exemplar aliquod Seyffert,et quotes here themagna oratia , IS f. also M. - absentes adsunt etc. intende contradictioni terms oxymoron; cf. Μil. 97 Horiam esse an unam quae elim cero ut Munus adessemus, mortui viveremus, here edd. quote theepigram o Simonides o the heroesi Thermopylae ibo τεθνασι Dj0jtjrso by IOO Ie
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nothing, and yet possessing ali hings ' ib. 6, 9 Aching and Mhold, we live'. - dissicilius dictu harder Wing ' The Latin liketh Englis phras is inaccurate Since the statemen is no hard tomahe, but hard to belleve. f. ar 2 9 A Whether is it arier os to the sic of the palsy... Cic. ite has incredibile Metu cf. Liv. 3, 3 Ia incile ad Mem est a mare. - tantus eos honos :for the separation o san, fro honos es. n. o C. . I quam sit iussa. - ex quo the antecedent of uocis no desi erium, but thewhole precedin clause; a S ex quo ex qua re. - heata ...
laudabilis chiramus. - laudabilia: cause the furvivors domet in remembering thei frienos. rerum naturas i. e. the universe. - henevolentiae coniunctionem the on o good-MIU Mnemolentia, the more diffuse and weata formo affection, is here contraste Wit amicitia, ita more concentrate an intense form. immolentia here is Aristotie' ὁμώνοια in Eth. ic. 9 c. 6.
plaine by the clause quanta ... sit. - minus, here, and osten, scarcely different in sense laom non. - vi amicitiae es. 5. percipi: stronger ord than inseveritur just efore. - quae enim domus etc. cf. Sallust Iug. Io, 6 concordia parvae res crescunt, discordia maximae dilabuntur: Matthem, a 2 23. - discidiis: So
Latin Ord. 24. quiuem osten sed like the Gree γε or γουν to introduce astatemen confirmin a revious statement. - doctum quendam: Empedocles, bor about 485 . C. Cicero is ver caresul notrio make Laelius etra to intimate an acquaintance it Gree literature. Cf. n. On 8 nescio quem. - voticinatum sanit inspire strati
The vales is divino quodam spiritu in atus Arch. 8ὶ cf. HS ναί cini furores in v. Μet a Mo. The great philosophica poem es Empedocles, περὶ φύσεωs, the ille of hic is horrowed by Lucretius for his poem De Rerum Natura', and whic he greatly imitates, containe many passages that seeme to obediminde readem o
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-ticinari somelimes means a propheu' there ambe a refere et the fac that Empedocles laime to posses propheti an magicpo ers. - totoque mundo this is meret explanator o rerumnarum, hic has the fame meaning in the constitutio of thingsand the entire universe . -c natarent... viscordiam Empedocles hel that two principies Mere perpetuali a War in the universe, one the principi os love or friendship attraction, constantly tendincto unite the cattere portions of the four elements fire, air, earth, and Water, o acto bring tangs into existence, the ther the principi of hate or enmity, in Rud clim, tendinxto decompose dies into thei constituent pardi. - ea objectis both the imfinitives fosso ing. - hoc this principies', a. e. that friencihi is unitin force, atre a destructive force. - omne mortales: here M simpl omnes omines. Cicero neverisses morialis for homo thout ome attribute, though the usu is ver common in Sallust, Tacitus, and the later Latin prose Caesar altogether moles theword f. morsuus nemo in I8. - re proham: approve by theiractions . si quando aliquod Cicero, like the otheri Latin riters esten Seem capricious in his se of quando an Miquando, quid quod ... an aliquid aliquod . . after i. It is commoni faid that he the orci it Mi are sed after si the are more emphati than the simple forma the passages, however do no alWaysbear ut the supposition. f.,advig, 493, a, Obs. I. - ineundis i. e. pro amico in the ne case the amicus meet the clangeralone, an proiecis his frieno in the ther both friend face ittogether. The se of in is the fame a that in in pueris. -- M. Pacuvi Pacuvius, the greates tragic riter in Latin summus maricus - Cic. de Opt. Gen. Dic a Was bom a Brundisium a ut
eta and lived ill a utri 3 B. C. See Sellar, Roman Poets of the Republic Ch. s. Since Pacuvius probabi exhibite no nempla after his ightiet year Cic. Brut. 293, an Scipio die in Ia9B. C., thewor nuper is very loosely used a in I 3. Pacuvius probara never came a Roman citigen, henc Cic. alis iam osse a mellis amicus. 'o Fam. Ia, i is siti veteri et amico os in Deiotarus . - nova ahuia commoni suppose to eo play calle theimiorestes though Ribbeck and ome ther scholare en this , o .hic a number os fragments are preseoed. f. in s Q. Thestor .as esten handie by Gree dramatisis. The plays o Pacmvius ere ali Miltias, and Ioset copie from Gree originals but it
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icio exactly known o What Gree play the Dulorestes Was founded. It certaini di no sono the Iphigenia in Tauris of Euripides, hich treata the fame story The rex was hoas ring of the auricChersonese. - stantes plaudebant: ahey the audience ros totheir feei and cheered'. t has generali been supposed that Cic. here is guill o a si h anachronism beca e the firs permanent theatre a Rome as rected by Pompeius, efore hic time it is helieved that the audience stoo throughout the exhibitio of the plays. The temporar booths, howeVer, may have containe roughgalleries; cf. ac Ann. 4, a Withmipperdey's n. it Cicero's
Word cf. Att. 2, 9, 3 Curioni uantes plauserant Phaedr. 5 7, 28 in flausus consurrectum est, Suet. Aug. 6. o the se of uanus se G. 667 Rem I EI. 49, 5. arbitramur: n. Ono cememus. - possent: c. si fario sus esset. io suppressed protasia es refon 3 velim. P. II. - hactenus contraste Wit si quae Haeserea sunt. de . . . sentirem for the arrangement of the word cf. I de immor aurigae animorum quae ς also I de amicitia ... quid sentias. Sentirem, past temerio fuit the tense of sotuisse. - ab eis es. 7.M. O autem re quaeremus. It ver seldom appens in Latinthat a vere in the indicative or subjunctive, o indeed a verbis ali, has to e supplied rom ne in the imperative or ire versa. Saepe quae iri se quid sentirent. - filum: ali languages have metaphora resembling this. Cf. De Or. 3 Iox o ipso et onere orationis; ib. 2, 3 omnes erant uberiore Io Orat Ia arrumentandi senue tam p am. 9, 2, 2 munusculum crasso Io Hor. P. 2, I, 22 senui deducta poemacla D. - tum ... si used here like themmmone Qu. . . si es Syri ... inseveritur. - a nuper affuisses:
but in the dialogue De Re Publica I, I Fannius appears as ne of the listeners. e ma no have been represented a present at thediscussion in the subsequent books, hic are vi preserve in
fragmentar state. In I4 Cic. seem to indicate the absence of Fannius. - patronus A advocate he question hether justiceis an absolutet necessar foundation foro state. - nonne tacite: sc est defendere. -- aereatam A. 29a, a G. 667 Rem. ἰ
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m. vim. . . afferre a fori os ans er osten sed in epinio very pressing entreaties es. Terent. Adelph. 5, 8, 9 l. 943 non omittitissin est hae quidem prauet. Iul. Caes. 8a ista quidem is est sal by Caesar Whenfra attached by his assassim . - studiis ... obsistere: the fame hin os excuse foro philosophica discussion is give in
Orat. 2 cf. ib. IV. - in re hona es I praeclara res est. - mihi ... cortanti so the De Oratore Mons - comisanti mihi saerenumero et memoria etera re senti rebeati fuisse, uinu frater, tu rideriis lent. . . So the secon book of the De Div. quaerenti mihi muctumque et diu comtanti . . . occurrebar. Pr Pter . . . inviam: cf. 23erentes abundant, imbecilli Ment Arist. Eth. ic. 8, I, 2.-meritis: - inciis, beneficiis. - quisque relative an a d monstrative proposition are combined quisque almos alWays standa in the relative proposition commoni thout emphasis immedi-Mel after the relative so that even se an surus stan after quisque LΜadvig, 495 f. also A. Oa, e G. 3 5 Rem I and 2 Η. 56 I. a. - posset: sc habere, to e supplied rom acci ret. - esset: as, . e. rom the eginning - proprium amicitiae amicitiae is genitive, no dative it is oubreui hether Cic. se the dative after 'roprius at all. - alia causa: sc amicitiae emphati position. amor. . . amicitia the Same talement in in a, 78 N. D. I, Iaaan belo I . - princeps. . . ad flead to Arch. I hune video mihi frincipem ad suscipiendam rationem horum studiorum exstitisse Phil ao 24. Suli. . - eis from those , no hythose'. temporia causa: to fuit the occasion . - fictum: oppose to erum helow, a simulatum is to voluinarium. - et:
P. 12. - 2 indigentia orta Cic. probabi neve used ortus with abi. Without the reposition. - potius . . . magis the disse ence in sense etween these two ord is in se frequently obliter-ated, but foditis stricti means leuer , and therefore oughtrio indicate that o tW alternatives ne is preferre by ome individua to theother, While maris stricti means A more , and ought to havem direct