Horace: Odes and Epodes; a study in poetic word-order

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tutus Μ, Ciciti in rura ΙΜ rambulat. nutrit rura cro linaque Faustitas. Pacatum, ilitant f C mare navitae.

culpari inctuit fides ron ullis Ulluitur casta domus tu ris.

quis Parthum paveat quis gelidum Scythen, a quis urniani quos horrida Parturit tus incolumi Caesare quis serae bellum curet Hiberiae 3 condit quisque diem collibus in suis et vitem viduas ducit ad arbores: o

hinc ad vina redit laetus et alteris te mensis adhibet deum

i 6. patria Caesarem note the orde parallel O maur iuvenem os L .i7. tutus ' equat tum sy: See On P. I.

si ted adverbis. g. extemplo simu

as gelidum ' i. e. the chili os the Scythian and his count ' se onP. 27. In a Scythian campaix deat iis froni cold wouldie more frequent than deallis at the hand of the enem y. 26. Germania a Roman wh,kne ree would read his ascis Germaniam: for the precedin X Men is tantamount o S I iam. 27. 28. serus has tress see o 26ὶ The word is vidi Ous and SuggeSts wa sis creatures ather than os me so frequently is it sed Osbe is, isties biriis etc. compare C. F. i. incolumi Caesare is a corrective addendum feein P. 3 i. e. provid

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2O HORACE

t multa prece, te proSequitur mero defuso pateris, et Laribus tuum miSCet numen, ut Graecia Castori aset magni memor HerculiS. longas o utinam, du bone, serias PraeStes Hesperiael dicimus integro sicci mane die, dicimus Vidi, Cum sol Oceano SubeSt. o VI. Dive, quem proles Niobe magnae vindicem linguae TityoSque raptor sensit et Troiae prope Victor altae

Phthius AchilleS,

ce eris.

6. filius quamvis Thetidis the interpositionis quamvis gives Stres to

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ceteris maior tibi miles in Irar stilliis cluamvis Thetidis marina Dardana turris quat retraminonda cuspide Pugna X. ille, mordaci velut icta ferro pinus aut impulsa cuPrCSsus Euro, io Procidit late κ,suitque collum in pulvere Teucro. ille non inclusus equo Minervae Sacra mentit male seriatos Troas et laetam Priami choreis issalleret illum, sed palam captis gravis, heu nefas heu nescios sari pueros Achivis ureret flammis etiam latentem

matris in alvo, roboth Uius an Thetidis aeris son not a distant descendant cindi avi dess.

i Euro stan is ouisi de in uisa and tinus cit ma have stres in artificialcontrast to ferro. See note ni Es 3. 7. l. i. late sis has emphasis . . , γας με λ- ri See Page ad I . . collum in se D O EI I. S. 39. 13, 4. equo Minervae t sacra the genitive Minervae is , eois o withequo and sitira The Orse a the invention Os Minerva se Uergi Aen. a. 7, and Euripides Tro. io , and the Pretended rites ere in her honour. male feriatos 'his quasi- prolepti i. e. Ouidio have deceived them inro

I S, 6. laetam ... aulam so the roupinet illi intrusive . Ierer se onP. 46 Priami comes early in contrast o Troas, the wholeiod os citiaen falleret is a conative impossibi e Jus as I ba cara mean he trie todeceive, so a Iere cata mean he wOuid o have been to in t deceive. The imperieci subjunctive os an impossibi hypothetica may have an senseo the impersecti See Dus s note ora Juvenal a. s. i8, 9. Achivis ureret flammis se orara'. l.

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ni tuis victus Uenerisque gratae vocibus divum pater adnuisset rebus Aeneae potiore ductos

doctor argutae fidiCen Thaliae, et 5 Phoebe, qui Xantho lavis amne Crinis, Dauniae defende decu Camenae, levis AgyiCU. spiritum Phoebus mihi, Phoebus artem carmini nomenque dedit Oetae. 3o virginum Primae puerique Claris patribu Orti, Deliae tutela deae, fugacis

lyncas et Cervo cohibenti arcu, Lesbium servate pedem meique 35

pollicis ictUm,

ureret, literati tran Stated equali Mould have been burning. It represenis frequentative indicative he Sed toturn. See nouere l. 6.eto matris in alvo the wholeri Set besore the part a in reela); compare Odes 4. 4. I matri ab ubere, an See note ni 27. 2.21. ni tuis victus unles thou hadS Conquered ' the true subject lies inmis se Odes I. IS. 33). Oreove the prePOSi ted uis prepares us for

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nupta iam dices: ego dis amicum. saeculo festas reserente luces. reddidi carmen docilis modorum vatis Horati.

VII.

Diffugere nives redeunt iam gramina cam Pisarboribusque comae mutat terra vices et decrescentia ripas flumina praetereunt Gratia cum N mphis geminisque Sororibus audet ducere nuda chorOS. immortalia ne Peres, monet annus et almum quae rapit hora diem.

os an adjective a is iam ruat ora aeus, and the moui in is that os

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frigora mitescunt Zephyris, Ver proterit aestas interitura, simul opomiser autumnu fruges effuderit, et moX bruma recurrit inerS. damna tamen Celere reparant Caelestia lunae nos, ubi decidimus, quo pius AeneaS, quo Tullia dive et Ancus, is pulvis et umbra UmUS. quis scit an adiciant hodiernae CraStina summae

tempora di superi p

Cuncta manu avida fugient heredis, amico quae dederi animo. 2ocum semel occideris et de te splendida Minos secerit arbitria, non, Torquate, genUS non te facundia, non te restituet pietas:

0. Zephyris for it positio See nide Ι. 3. 6. Io interitura has tres. Se onide 4 9 26 i. e. onlyrio die. Se Odes

animo for it positio Se O PS I. 3. 6. II. de te is ut early on purpose it S the ars urncntum ad homine . For the Same eaSon te Come early twice in l. 23.

splendida ps): the adjective colour both Minos an arbitria se on'. sa); Minos in state illiive intel deci Sions. 22. arbitria: Orcit poSition se Ode I. 3. 6.

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infernis neque enim tenebris Diana Pudicum is liberat Hi IM,lytum, nec IAEthaca valet Theseus abrum Per cam vincula Pirithoo.

VIII.

ferres divite me cilicet artium. quae aut Parrhasius Protulit aut Scopas hic saxo liquidis ille coloribus sollers nunc hominem Ponere nunc Cum. sed non haec mihi vis non tibi talium

res est aut animus deliciarum egens io

27, 28 Lethaea. Caro vincula Pirithoo so the tres O Graia myseparation compare infernis is in l. S, and O the wupin se P. . VIII. l. pateras grataque commodus a Roman wOuid read thus cupsand things Pleas in hecatas I im anxious t Please commodus νὶ ' then in the nexi in O ara is detined by Vra .e. even bronres. For the sentimentos rara commodus compare vidier. 7. 7 acceptissima semper i munerastinc auctor quae pretiosa fuit It is the opposite Os Rich gi sis Urwhen givers prove unkind.' a meis is i. e. m loved conamdes ': See o oris i. 26 8. 3 sortium ' i. e. re artis os brave ' Seein P. 27. The large numberos hymes in his oubtial de is u rising note-um l. 3, 4, , , , S,

value.

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2IO HORACE

gaudes carminibus Carmina posSumus donare et pretium dicere muneri. non incisa notis marmora Publi Cis, per quae Spiritu et vita redit bonis post mortem ducibuS, non Celere fugae 15 reiectaeque retrorsum Hannibali minae,

non incendia Carthaginis impiae eius, qui domita nomen ab Africa lucratus rediit, Clarius indicant laudes, quam Calabrae Pierides; neque sto: si chartae Sileant, quod bene feceris, mercedem tuleris. quid oret Iliae Mavortisque puer, si taciturnitas obstaret meritis invida Romuli 3 ereptum Stygiis fluctibu Aeacum 25 virtus et favor et lingua potentium vatum divitibus consecrat insulis.

I4. bonis i post mortem ducibus in prose this Couldini mean generalswho are good after deatli' in poetry the pause at the en of the line avesus Domitiis ainful necessit See P. O l . ut se editor accepi ali thelines homo to 27. Is celeres 'hi .e. the speed of flight ' se on P. 27. I 8. domita 's i. e. the conquest of Africa)' See o P. 26. Io. laudes there is no realiause after his ord, bu Seemnide 4 9. 26. Calabrae s): the orde ensor es the antithesis o Latin Calabrae and Gree Pierides it also rem indsis that Do the farra a paris of Ital came

a great Poet.

22, 23. Iliae Mavortisque puer for the positio of the genitive see

23, 24 taciturnitas i . . . meritis invida Romuli is e regard Komuli asthe equivalent of Romulis adjective , then the groupin is thati P. I 6. ut invi a Romuli a be viewedis a causal addendum se on P. 33 with Romuli an objective genitive. Probabi Romuli is et withioth meritis and invida. 23. Stygiis ' has tres i. e. Dona Heli it fel Ly25, 26. Aeacum i virtus...consecrat for the orde See o P. I. potentium ' the potenc of the bard o bring eternal sam is the poliat. 27 divitibus 's has tres i. e. the flandes of the lest'; compare o . 6 42 divises ps et insulas. See o P. I.

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dignit in laudo virum Musa vetat mori. caelo Musa beat sic Iovis iuerest optatis epulis impiger Hercul . a clarum Tyndaridae sidus ab infimis

quassas Cri iunt aequoribus at . ornatus viridi te mili ra Pa in Pitio Liber vota , bitos ducit ad CXitus.l X. Ne sorte credas iliteritura clune long Sotiantem natus ad Aufidum non ante vulgatas I Rr artis verba loquor socianda chordis. non si Priores Maeonius tenet sedes Ido inertis ci 'indaricae latcnt Ceaeque et Alcaei minaces Stesichorique grave Cum Cnae,

28 dignum laude virum the phras is placed earlydor emphasis i. e. It the man wh deserves sanae that the MuSe....' mori comes ast illi tres an anticipales Gulo. Horace could avescanned illi mori vetat. Q. Caelo comes Carly in contrast to mori.

Iovis 's ought to have emphasis 'speciali sincerit norma position is tween optatis an epulis see o P. 43 . Compare des I. 28. Ioetus

arcanis, an disce On . . 6-8.

3α impiger ' i. e. hecatis he had sho n himsel strenuous.'3l, a clarum Tyndaridae sidus: so the positionis 3 ari a se onodes 3. 24. 42. and O the yndaridaei es . . . ab infimis . . . rates: so the groti Pin See o P. . 33. viridi tempora pampino the temples are SurrOunded in senserandi Order, by the reener of the vine compare Odo . s. o viri ii tempora 'a ino, . I. 32 noetus tempora oribus. d. i. o. i. a mota cis Salinum liit imaris 4. 4. I Deus caprea iracuis 4. 2. 24 plena dives ut in domo, Vergi Aen. l. 2 et tuto rex Aeotas antro; and compare On oris . . l. l. h. l. l. 6. 26, 27 I. 37. I, 32, 3. 2. 32, 3. 7. io, an S. 9.

34. bonos 's has emphasis compare iv Pres. 3 cum ouis potius

IX. a. longe sonantem 's) so the Orde se onides O. 3. non ante vulgatas 'sὶ the emphasis reminit Lollius that the artis of the lyri bard wer no generali linown vulcatas tinti Horace uni ked

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nec, siquid Olim lusit Anacreon, delevit aetas spirat adhuc mor o vivuntque Commissi calores Aeoliae fidibus puellae. non Sola comptos arsit adulteri Crine et aurum vestibus illitum mirata regali Sque ultUS 15 et comites Helene Lacaena, primu SV Teucer tela Cydonio dereXit arcu non semel Ilios VOXata non PugnaUit ingens Idomeneus Sthenelusve Olu eto

for Ceae 's , an for the positio of the genitives Alcaei and Susi ori seeo P. 43). The norma order ould, o CourSe be minaces Alcaei Camenae aridi graves Stesichori Camenae. The abnormal orde stresses the antithetical genitives, and also the antithetica adjectives. 9. Anacreon Ome laS in Contrast to the poet named above. IO. adhuc ra ha StreSS. II, 2. vivunt i placed early to echo spira adhuc. commissi s) i. e. becauSe entruSted in trust O. commissi calores . . . fidibus for the positio of idibus se on . 47. Aeoliae fidibus puellae: for the groupin See o P. O a. I 3, 4. non Sola: Ote the emphaSi S; Osrimus l. 7), non semel l. I 8 , solus i. O , primus l. 24 . Complos ... crineS: for the rouping, illi intruSive arsis, See o P. 46 r. The orde suret demand that crines be governe firs by arsis and then by