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um ple talae Dona the Romans that justus nominatur ollari sin the singular and that hile the SS. rea, ob his et ii justitiae, the est MSS. of Lactantius, Inst. Div. VI. 6, have ab hoc. 34. Sapiente, the singular, t malae promi uent thesa et that therideat, is manis the Stoiciis meant. f. De Amicit. V. 36. Cato the censori Laelius. Se P. 2 line 2 note P. 36, line 21 note They received the ille Supiens in the old Romansensem prudent, discreet. Cf. De Sen. Ch. II. De Amieit. ΙΙ.37. Ne illi-Septem, se Were regardedis reatly vis but Onlyas ,rit lica V S recisus There a a differene o opinionanaong the an olent a to thenaines an even the number of the inge of Greece Solonis Athens an Thales of Miletus ereth most eminent. 38. Frequentia, meis re os constant praetice of Cicerocould notasa medio virtutes He. 1. Vere, i. e. in the rue Or prope sense of the termis ΟΡ- 97ΡOsed to se ita dia hon tu s. p. si line 27, Ole. cum-repugnantia, i. e. cum utilitate, quese honeSto repugnure rideatur.
2 communiter i. e. omnes philosophi cum indoctis communis . t. Cf. p. 10, line 11 commune, Ole. q. molumentis, the re an luges hicli an aetion bring ns.
6. In nostram castit This expression is uis connected with the Stoic definition that virtve sanowledge. The virtve Whieli, ea understand we are able O raetiae. e. f. Ρ. 96, lines 10 and 13, and note.
8. Sapientibus, Se coimervandum St.
s. Teneri, be persevere in like the expresSion iter, cur8um, fustam tenere. He. The subject of this eluus is attracte into the subordinate clause. Si quae On the form, Se C. 62 6
H. 190, 1 Α. 105 d. 10. onservatione, uniform praetice. f. p. 39, line 28 p. 49, line 35.
17. Hoc ipsum sensisse, eici meant eaeactly what he aid, i. e. his ord are tot talae in their literat sense. Un. 19. Sit, omitte in ali ut ono of the MSS. e. substitutestat, an remarks that the sens requires notis ideatur but est to
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b be supplied sor illi the opparent utilit tho reo hono tum
eon Med. 20. Addubitare. i. e. ud dubitationem occedere, to ensertu otio the le M. He. 24. Tempore, thmust Giatiis circumst lucra. s. P. Ir, lini vi mandra p. 26, line 22 uni note . In opposition to plerumque the singula has reserene to the Occurrene os a particular
26. Ponatur aliquid, lati partieulor case e supposed Quod -latius, i. e. hiis may be applied to the dedisionis simili inses. Se p. 8, line 33, note on the mean in Os this expres
3. Veteribus Academicis, i. e. the immediate Ollower os Plato, in distinetionis in the wepti l uiddie and e voea leniresiabli edi Arcesilaus and Carneades, eat ted in line Utro Academicl. II e. q. Qui Academici Aristolle the Oim deros the Peripatetieseet, as a pupit os Plato. s. . I line P e seqq. anil Lm. I. 38, here Cicero spealis of the Peripatetios and the lilii
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T. ausequid honestum est, et: the formula quaedam. 9810. Nostra Academia se the Ne Aea dena y. Se Introd. P. I 40. and p. 9, line 25 et seqq.11. Licentiam stat, ut liceat, a leonasm. See P. 39, linera, nole. f. P. 10, line 12, and note p. 103, line 18. Quodcumque ccurrat. s. p. 62, line 19α eqq. p. 102, line 6 Tusc. Disp. V. 11.chap. V. IA uteri See p. 7, lineri, note. 18. Principio. s. p. 11 linea note Thesi si argumentris: Human Oetet Would e destroyed H, injure thers for the Sahe of Our oW advantage 'herefore this is forbidden usi natura right line 1 et seqq. and by the law of States line 35 et
seqq.). The econ argument is o practis virtve and to en- eounter Perils for the salae of theriis more conformabie to the supreme an universa reason than to se e toto rongrior Ome
Out Ward ad vantage p. 99, line 2 et seqq.). The miri argumentis la o nature embraee allisen, and this forbid us to injure thera p. 100, lineo et eqq.). his arrangement hOWever, is aut ty for human Soetet depend upo the universalit o natura right, and is destroyed by the transgression fit. Theirs argument is, therelare, contained in the third, and Cicero presenis in theraret parti Chap. V. What is essentiallyme fame a theiurgi partis Chap. VI. He. 20. Affecti, disso8ed. 33. Unumquodque membrum Cicero rem is have resereve to the fabiem Menenius Agrippa. 25. Debilitari- 29 evertatur. m. 373, Obs. 1; Z. 25. 28. cuique. a. 710 M. 495, and Obs. 1.29. Necesse est. For the ood se C. 215, 3, note 3 H. 521, Ι Α. 307, d G. 599, Rem. 3.32. Natura, explaine by line M the sense os equit innate tu man that form the founctation o natura right-the jus
naturale in Opposition to the jus civile, the Phole Ody os laeto peculin to an State This jua naturale, the aio o niature, and the ju gentium are identicat. 34. Iure gentium, the lamo natior . See Diet Antim. f. p. 113 Iines 13 23 Tuae Diap. I. 13: Omni autem in re con-8endis omnium gentium leae naturae sumn 8t. The u gentium comprehend the prineiples hie natura reason has est lished, and whic are generali achnowledged an aeted
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98 poni alliodie of men ho have ut tui nexio politieulgation. Sueli are the plain rutes of hon ty and equi ty the tria. portanee Os truth, the expediene an necessit os adhering mireaties an coimpaeis deliberaret concluded Ramsay, Antiqq. For the origin of the jus geri tum asin pari os the Roman jurisprudenee, Se Diet. Antiqq. Ρ. 6o6.35. Legibus populorum, thelawspeculi irto individuul S36. continetur, is preServed. r.
2. Hoc se non licere hominem hominis incommodo augere commodum. The seeon main argument is divid again into three paris, hieli are introduce by Etenim, Itemque, and Deinde, respectively. He. Essicit Mei 59, linera, note Naturae ratio, i. e. the universa re o Pervassing the universe he supreme la in the State of god an meti l .
6. Etenim, etc. Froin the universa reaeso he argues in therationa natur os manis ita copy. Nature, in the highestir cepi of the Stoies,-Live aecordiis to λὶature,-Signifies, im illeone hand the universa lamo the Orid, and o the Other, therationat natur of man. He. 8 comitas, the S. reading. Ome editor re:id commvnotus. ut comitas, justitia, liberalitas are the virtve Rhii htogether ah up the eardina virtve communitias. e. l .i
56, line 32; . 130, line M. 10. comparantem agrees illi the indefinite subjoei os the infinitives contemnere an ducere. Se Z. 008, and es line P p. 82, line 13 p. 83, line 20.
a repetitionis therarsi sentene os the chapter He. 19. In solitudine, i. e. separa ted Dona inter ourae, illi Oththe opposite os convictus hominum et societas. 21. Ut excellas, a concessi clause Fii the lup. 23, linera note Pulchritudine et viribus, accordis ti the
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rigeteaehing or Zeno ha a value in them gelves, and therelare even 99 in solitude. l. 23. Ingenio. See p. 58 line 32, note . 30. cuiquam See M. 94 b. 31. Violandis tolatione hominum. n. f. p. 9, line ,
32. ominem-tollat, etoould ahe way rom man ali that mohes him man. r. 35. Fortunae. f. p. 98, in 18. Vitium, defeet, sed sortii salie of the contrastrio vitiis animi He. Chap. I. 37. Unum has the fame strengtheninisore here whieli it osten has it the superlative. f. p. 100, line 25 Tusc. Disp. I. 12 Itaque unum illud erat insitum priscis illis. M. 310, ObS. 2.38. Ut sit. f. p. 100, line 2 et seqq.39. Quam ad se rapiet, i. e. hali gras at his individua interest exelusively. g. Omnium-communem, that allis en have a common intere8t 10 i. e. that the welsareis albis the welsare os eaeli individual. r. ;iliat e conside the wellare O me generali as omethingneeeSSarnt Our Wn happineSS. Garve. b. continemur, re included in subject o. 8. Primum, the antecedent, Se omnium utit esse cum . extremum, the con Sequent, Se violare-prohibemur. For theraseos nam es p. 75, line 32, Ole. 11. Aliam rationem, eto , t et it is a Ferent onsiderotionetoith. Ηn. i. e. that the are O bound to reat in the fame
12 communis is the emphatie Ord. r. 18. Quae refers to ali that recedes, ineludin eommunem
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l00 prodeo Mith Hae una virtus Moreo ver i is graivinati eatly impossibi thalmae virtus silo ut refer to the idea Due Mio ιι justitiae implied in quae-injustitia, noriun acutio iniurii oebo properi calle the queen o rei the Di tu . he conjectureos ambinus is, therei ore, probabl correet, that the Samethought whieli is found n p. 99, lines 14-22, originali Q dhere. me. 26. For the tens os dixerit, se p. 71 line 21, note. 29. Minime vero, et: brachete by Br. o. and IIe. The replnt the question hicli precedes, as et a to that hieli follows, egius Wit line 34. Besides, his reply, Minime vero, et: contradicis hal follows, o Cicero ould here sorbiduneonditionalty What he explain further on linera et seqq.as lammi When the common ellare requirescit. He. 30 Animi talis affectio sue a disposition Sc. t injure noone the disposition accordinito hichae illiso talae frontany one for the salae of his OW advantage Gurve. 31. Philarim. See p. 68, line 18, note. 35. Ad nullam partem, in no respeet Cf. line 28. 36. Notio the construction illi detraxeris here, an es P. 99, line 12 p. 101 lines 3 12, here de is sed, and p. 100, lines 10, 22, here the dative is ound See . t 8 M. 202. Inhumane, o crueily but ba6ely, me in D. Hia. Feceris . . 511 M. 340, bS. 4.39. ob eam causam, se re in vita re nunena hominum meie toti utilitatem asserre po88ia He.
disaster in the communi ty a cauSal clause. 13. De se-diligens, through set scon ei and 8elyflore Thelalter phraseratioWs that the forme signifies heri in to hiulan opinion os one' fel fine. f. . 1 I, line 38.14. Hanc causam, et . i. e. mahe these se hune existim Mimnem et hunc amorem the occasion o inflictin injury ponothera. r. Ita, i. e. With sue a disposition Deo Dom selfish-ness, and obedient to the la o nature. s. 18. Nulla est, etc. mere also, is a coveri allusion to the dealb
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2l , line 26, O te. 19. Distractio uintagoniam. See Lex λ . II. 22. Exterminandum. See p. 87, line 39, note. 23. Ipsa. i. e. imoiciem, antitheti toreliquis partibus. 26. Immanitas the repos humanitatis. s. p. II p. line 2 me communi- corpore. The whole massis ni hin is Vie ed, ne emon. Wh e inui sinu requit , the abstruet ostii diu's virities and hos i d i composed os individua men .lli liarve regam ii as equivalent se orietu, and Gri, as hominum communitate, line l. 28. Ex tempore ossicium a translationis the Phras si urai Sh uecordire to circunset co Se P. 7 line
32. Consultationes, i. e. ou otiones, etc. See line 27. 33. Superioribus libris- ex quibus. The reading of the MSS. eae superiori -'ibu is retaine by . an He . a melliss
it an enallage, by hiel the ex, hieli properi belong to quibus is connecte Wit superioribus libris Beler thus
Paraphrases e superioribu Panaetii libris deprompta satis multa a nobis praecepta Sunt. r. Preser i adopi the conjecture o Pearee hic is ive in the texi and whiel avoldsthe dissicut ty. Libris se Panaetii. Praecepta, ete , i. e. in thos book are unlalde the principies adequaterio decide inest cases of apparent collision. l. 38. Geometrae, mathemutiet 8 f. Tusc. ias. I. 2. g. Per cratippum, se beeause he asine of the Peripatetie 102Sehool, hos doctrine mas that virineshouldie fought clieri, but not solely, forcium n Sahe. 6. Tum . . . tum Se P. 58 line 35 note. Cf. De Amisit., Ch. IV. Eoo. c. the Peripatetic doctrine illud the Stoic Zt. Se Introd. p. 140. O the order of theses ΠΟΠnS, Se P. 31, line 27, note avd cf. p. 18, linea , an note . Probabilius S p. 62, 1ine 11 and note . r. sc praeserea-probabiles Thi refer to gygiem Ith thε
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sak of utilit ouly. He. o primum Cicero has alaead defende Panaetius against his reproach. Se p. 7, line 15 σ
11. Vero. m. 37 d. Idem See p. 13, line 24, note. 15. Aliquando See p. 92, line 20, note. 16. Eam Sc repugnantini J, hic is designeilly placed itthe end. o r. an He. sollowin Unger. The SS. have ea ncidi88ent, hic o reta in s. ut ea dijudicaremus couldoni mea distinguishing in opinion et ween utilit an morality. He. 17. Induxit, has introduce in his philosophica discussior.
21. Quod-probaretur, at east os uehis iud huc eo ulu prove of it. m. 364 Obs. 2.22. De iis i iis.chap. VIII. The main discussion os the Bookiegius ero. Yet it has been anticipate in the precedin chapters, hichare in sor introductory, and the est of the Book is hiessyoccupied With repetitions an illustrations of the sentiments
sidered that utilit must beat veni P. 29. Quod si nihil est, etc. inuem' arguiuentris this There cannot se an inconsistenc in nature. ut nature te eli ait naen to regar What is expedient, in hun hat is morat lyWrong. heresore is the destre os expedienc aud morai good is a natura destre, theae must e naturali inseparabie at All
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evenis, it is absurd o suppos that expediene an morat Wrong 102eante Dund in the fame thing. Hn.
30. contra naturam. See p. 13, line 31 note convenientia, Meordant it manys ratioua nature constantia, consistentivit themselves. He.
34. Itemque, etc. he secon syllogism, hiel dister butii ille Dona the rst. In olli omething that rema in to bel)rove is suppoSed a the Dundation os the Proos. He. 35. Zenoni, o Citium in Cyprus, the ounder of the StoicNeh l, in the third cent. . . 36 omni pondere gravior, etc., in finiteo more eighty, mord
37. Aristoteli, . . . 384 d. B. C. 322, the Dunde and
representative of the Peripatetic School. Necesse est, etc. s. p. 63 linei et eqq. 39. Ita here laque consequently Aru. 1. Error hominum, i. e. homines errantes the abstraciput for 103 the concrete s. p. 40, linera, and note. 2. Aliquid-arripuit, et . i. e. ageri gras a Whateverseems sesul, and thin it should e Sought for iis Wn alie, ut though it is no virtuous, or ithout regardo virtve undus oti m. t. 6. pum aud potentiae limit cupiditates With regnandi
these genitives Orm a climax. Instances of these passion tu Roman histor mere exhibited by the provincialiovernors, and the demagogues Sulla an Caesar Gr. t. an ali the earlier editor conside potentiae nominative plurat, an opum, as depending upon it. 10. Fallacibus judiciis, init mista hen judgment8. e. i. e. the estimate incorreetiy. 11. Quam perrumpunt. The punishment is likene to a Diter Orthain. He. Ipsius turpitudinis-est. It is a maximinenstate by the Stoies that just a virtve oscilaeis malaesilessed, so the punishment of the vi man lies directi in his inWardeonstitution Pand in comparison it this punishment inflicted om Without is light. He. 13. Deliberantium . . . qui deliberant, a repetition adenecessar by the parenthesis. f. p. 98, line 11 and note Emedio, Dom the ociety of men. 17. Ad id, i. e. facinu committendum.
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10 20 celandi has an abstracti intellectual reserene to lis ob
Jeci, an denotes hat remain secret unies it happens tolediscovered; occultandi has a concrete and materia reserene totis objeci, and denotes hat out be exposed to sight unlessparticula circumspectio an precaution eremsed D. 21. . liquid profecimus, i. e. have made Some rea Progress. 24. Incontinenter, alio ut moderation rei Leaece . Garve .chap. IX. 25. Hinc mo eae cau8a, o prove this Gyges, the Lydian hepherd, lio, accordinito Herodotus, I. - 12, murdere Candaules, in os Lydia, euam the munder os the dynasty os the Mermnadae, an reignei se in B. C. 716 to 678. his stor of the ring, hicli is no mund in Herodotus, agrees substantialty iiii thaliive in Plato, De Repub. II., P. 359, and serves, a there the Purpus of morat allego . 27. Illum, sc. Whicli theearthiarting afunde had made. r. 29. Essent. Q. 558 Ρ. 17 line 7 dubites, note.
30. Magnitudine invisitata, neve defore Seen unum ti m L The Gree is μείων ii ur ανθρωπον. The MSS. var belween invisitas and inusitata. Br. o. and He preser the former. 33. Palam, thederet, that pari Which encompasses and astens the stone in the Greela, b σφενδύνην, bucause the Sione reste iuit asci a ling. 35. In Ioeum, into iis proper place. 104 2. Ius, properly relates in quantity, and corresponds' the comparative of much While magis reserari degree, an correspondito the comparative os very With verbs, plus is used asan adverb, a Wel a magis, an frequently Supplies the placeos the Ialter PotherWise, rarely. a. 725 M. 305, o, Obs. 2.3. Peccare-haberet, considered by advig an interpolation but Ambrosius, De O ., has non minus fugiet peccatorum con/0gium quam si non possit latere. Wim quam musti supplied sibi putaret lisere, a the apodosis o si non haberet. The imperfectris used in this clauseaecause the fidit eas excludes thesecond, and the first has the subjunct. present He Bonis viris. The dative of the agent aster passive verbiis a Ver rare Onstruction in Cicero it the simplerienses. . Philosophi quidam, se the Epicureans. ccordin to icurus, right a no by nature, but by luti'. For obedienceto it there re, he could ni appea to interest o the ear of punighment He.