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ab omni corporea Conditione atque natura alienissima, ita ut neque ipSa, nee
externa quam percipimus ineSse poSSit. 131. Altera vero reS quae vulgo sub nomine SenSus comprehenditur, qualitas nimirum quaevis rei eXternae quam contemplamur, quam
Sensus mutatio scilicet in animi statu nobis repre- Sontat vel suggerit, longe
diversae videtur eSSe nuturae.-Qualitates enim rerum EXternarum, quaS SenSUS OPepercipimus, ad illas res Solas pertinent; neque animo ullo pacto inesse POSSUnt, nec quicquam Cum animo, variisque ejus statibus, Simile aut commune habent,
durabiles, sive perceptae a alienissima ab omni corporea conditione atque natura,
ita ut neque ipsa, nec quicquam simile ipsi, possit inesse in re eaeterna, quum percipimuS. 131. Vero altera res quae vulgo comprehenditur sub nomine Sensus, nimirum qualitas quaevis rei ea ternae quam contemplamur, quam
sensus cscilicet mutatio insitiis animi9 representat vel
suggerit, videtur esse naturae longe diversae. Enim qualitates rerum externarum, quas percipimuS Ope SensuS, pertinent ad illas res solas ;neque possunt inesse animo
ullo pacto, nec habent quicquam simile aut commune cum animo que vortis statibus ejus, constantes et durabiles sua natura, sive fuerint perceptae a nobis sive so that notther itaeis, nor any thing like it, can exist in theexternal objects which we perceive. Ι31. The oster thing whicli is commonly underStοοd by the word sensation, that is, any quali os an external objectwhicli me contemplate, whicli the sensation namely thechange in the state of mind) represents or SuggeStS, appearSto be of a very disserent nature. For the qualities of Oxternat things, which we perceive by the aid os sensation, relate to them alone, nor can exist in the mind in any degree, nor can they have any thing althe or in common with themind or iis disserent states ; theyὶ are constant and lastingin their nature, whether they a re perceived by us, or unknownaud neglected, nor are theyὶso Simple, but that many of them
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102 nobis suerint, sive ignotae aut
neglectae, neque adeo Simplices, quin multae saltem earum, sacile et accurate definiri aut describi, et inter se invicem comparari, POS sint.132. Plurimam prosecto et utilissimam de rebUS EX- ternis scientiam, facillimo et simplicissimo modo, Per Varios SenSUS, ViSum PraeSE tim et tactum, Sine ullo studio aut labore acquirimus ; ita ut bene perspicuum sit, hoc quadam saltem ex parte) consilio, istassentiendi facultates a Supremo opifice nobis esse
datas. Non omnes Vero Sensus hunc usum praestant;
neque tam facilis ad totius Naturae scientiam patet via: et Sane multa OstendUnt, Varios quibus instruimur fuerint ignotae aut neglectae, neque adeo simplices, quin saltem multae earum possint facile et accurate doniri aut describi, et comparari inter se invicem. 123. Profecto acquirimus plurimam et utilissimam scientiam de rebus eaeternis,
tactum sine ullo studio aut labore : ita ut sit bene perspicuum saltem eae quctiliam parte9, istas facultates sentiendi datas esse nobis a Supremo Opisce, hoc consilio. Vero non Omnes SeHSVS praestant hunc usum ς neque
via tum facilis patet ad scientium totius Naturae: et Sane multa ostendunt, varios Sensus, quibus instruimur, admit os ready and accurate definition or description, and may be mutuatly compared with each other. 132. I ruly, we acquire much and most usesul knowledge, Concerning external objecis, in a most ea8y and Simplemanner, that is) by means of the various senSes, particu larly by sight and by t0uch, Without any study or dissiculty ;So that, it is very evident, to Some extent at least,) that these faculties of the senses Were given by the Supreme Maher for those very purposes. All the Senses do notanSWer this purpose, nor is there so clear a path to the knowledge of ali nature: but many things Show that the various senses, with whieli We are Supplied, are frequently Subservient io other important u Ses.
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Sensus, aliis Saepe et eximiis saepe inservire aliis et er- usibus inservire. imiis usibus.133. Fit sensus in li0- 133. Sensus si in hominemine sano et vigili, quan- sano et vigili, quandocunque docunque Status partis Cu- Status partis cujusvis generis juSvis generis nervosi ali- nervosi fuerit aliquantum quantum mutatus suerit, mutatus, sive ista mutatio sive ista mutatio ab sexterna sit facta ab eaeterna causa, CauSa, sive ab interna, facta sive ab interna causu . Sen-Sit.-Qui a priore causa sus qui sunt a priore causa fiunt sensus, ab impressione dicuntur capud medicos)vel impulsu; qui a poste- esse ab impressione vel im-riore causa fiunt, a consci- pulsu ; sensuso qui sunt uentia, apud medicos, dicun- posteriore causa, dicunturtur ESSE. esse) a conscientia.
134. Neque ab omni sane 134. Neque sanest sen- impulsu in genus nervosum sus ab omni impulsu in genus fit sensus. Ut sentiamus, nervosum. Ut sentiamus, oportet certa vi aut impetu oportet, cui impulsus sit in partem Sensu Praeditam fuctus certa vi aut impetu impulsus factus sit. A le- in partem praeditum Sensu. viore enim impulsu, sensus Enim Sensus est obscurus Obscurus aut plane nullus aut plane nullus a leviore est; ab impulsu autem impulsu: autem dolor i multo vehementiore, dolor ab impulsu multo vehemen-133. Sensation takes place in a maia, healthy and aWake,
whenevor the state of any portion Of the nervous System bein Some degree changed, whether that change arises homan external or internat cause . Sensations whicli occurfroin the former cause, are sald by medicat men, to be homimpression or impulse; but those arising fro in the lalter cause, are Sa id to be) Dom conseiousneSS. 134. Sensation is not produced by every impulSe up0nthe nervous System. In order that we have perception, it is necessary that the impulse be made with a certain force and impetus ori the pari endo ed with sensation. For Sensationis duli, or quite unperceived froni a stighter degree os impulse, but palii is produced is the impulse be mulli more
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fit, sine ullo distincto Sen-Su ; quod si impulsus demum vehementisSimus suerit, tantstque vis parti Sentionii illata fuerit, ut organi ipsius fabrica laedatur, tum
135. Neque perbrevis impulsus sive impressio, quamvis alioquin satis vehemenS, distinctum sensum emcit;
nimirum ad quem temporiSaliquod, et diuturnitaS quaedam impressioniS, reqUi
quidem satis magnae molis, tanta velocitate mota, Ut Conspici nequeant. - Ρur quoque ratio est multorum
dolorum, quos praestigi toros solent exhibere; quibus hominibus, Azisma, et quasi artis totius fundamentiore, sine ullo distincto sensὐ ; quod si impulsus demum fuerit vehementissιmus,
que tanta vis fuerit illatu parti sentienti, ut fabrica organi ipsius sedatur, tum
135. Neque impulsus sive impressio perbrevis, quamvis alioquin satis vehemens, eΝι- cit distinctum sensum; nimirum ad quem, aliquod temporis, et quaedam diuturnittis impressionis requirantur. - Corpora docent, et quidem
molis sutis magnae mota tanta velocitate, ut nequeant conspici.-Quoque est porratio multorum dolorum, 'quos praestigiatores solenterhibere; quibus hominibus, solet esse, Azioma, et quosi fundamentum totius artis,powersul, and there is no distinci sensation ; and , lastly, is
the impulse be os a most violent character, and so mueli violence be applied to the Sentient pari, that iis structureis injured, stupor is then generalty produced. 135. A rapid impulse or impression, although otherwise sufficiently powerfui, does not produce a distinci perception ; sor instance, Sueli an one RS requires Some time, and a certain period os impression. We are taught this by bodies of some magnitude, Whicli are moved with such velocitythat they cannot be Seen. There is the fame explanationos the trichs whicli jugglers are accustomed to exhibit, with hicli men, it is an axiom, and as it were a fundamental
30. Dolorum is the genitive plural os dolus, i. duceit, a trich, a Diot, Ac.
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tum, eSSe Solet, motum visu multo esse velOCiorem. 136. Cessante vero impulsu, sublataque ideo eX- terna SenSUS CRUSa, ipse qui exeitatur senSuS, per aliquod, quamviS EXigilum, temporis spatium, durare Solet.-Docet circulus flammeUS, quem conspicimus a rapida rotatione baculi ardentiS. 137. Sensus autem non adeo est corporeus quin multum pendeat a statu mentis. Hac enim aliis rebus occupata, impulSUS S tis validi in organa SenSuUm
facti, vix, aut ne ViX quidem, percipiuntur. Contra, Si probe animum attendimus, neglectis vixque perceptis gravioribus, levissimos Saepe
sensus ideo sublata, ipse sensus qui ercitiatur, solet durare per reliquod, quumvis emiguum temptis. Cir
cuius summeus cet, quem circulum o conspicimus a rapida rotatione buculi ardentis.13 T. Autem sensus nouest adeo corporeus, quium ultum pendetit a statu mentis. Enim hac ci. e. menteo occupiata aliis rebus,
impulsus satis validi facti iuorgana Sensuum, viae aut nequidem viae percipiuntur. Contra si probe attendimus animum, gravioribus cim
principie os their ari, that motion is much more rapid than
136. But when the impulse ceases, and consequently the externat cause of sensation be withdrawn, the sensation, Whicli is excited, usualty lasis sor some, although for a Short
137. But sensation is not so corporeat, that it does notdepend considerably on the state of mind. For, is this be emplοyed On other things, impulses, though not inconsiderabie, exerted upon the Organs os the senseS, are Scarcely, Or noteven possibiy perceived. On the other hand, is the mindbe properly applied, more powersul impulses are neglecte land Scarcely percepti ble, and we are osten able with case toperceive the stightest impressions.
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138. Hoc ut videtur fundamento, magnu Saltem ex Parte, nititur mirum illud et sorse incredibile singulo
acumen et Persectio, quae varii homines, variis OCCU- pati negotiis, multo USU SO-lent adipisci: quamviS Satis sit verisimile persectionis hujusmodi nonnihil tribuendum esse conditioni Organorum, quae VaritS modis acui possint crebra eXercitatione, et ad propria
munera melius aptari. Bene notum est organa motus
139. Attentio a voluntate quodammodo pendet; tamen plerumque datur Sensibus validis, novis, jucun- perceptis, s e possumus su-cile percipere levissimos im
incredibile acumen et per fectio singulorum Sensuum erifrnsrum, quae varii homines occupati variis nego
tiis solent adipisci multo usu, nititur hociundamento, ut videtur, saltem eae magna parte: quamvis verisimile sit, nonnihil perfectionis hujusmodi esse tribuendum
conditioni organorum, quod possint acui crebra Gercitatione variis modis, et melius optari ad propria munera. Bene notum est organa
mores hoc modo proscere haud parum.139. Attentio pendet quo
sensibus vulidis, n0υis, jucun-138. That surprising and nearly incredibie acuteness and perfection of the individual senses, whicli various monoe cupiod in disserent branches of business, are aecustomedio acquire by constant exercise , resis on this principie, as itappears, at least in a great degree ; although it is probabie, that some os the perfection of this hind, is to be attribui edto the condition of the organs, which may be rendered acute, by frequent exercise in disserent ways, and bellor stted totheir proper functions. Ιt is well known that the Organs of motion receive no inconsiderable benefit in this Way.139. Attention depends in sonte degree upon the wili; yet, it is generalty directed to powersul, ne , pleaSant, and
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107dis, ingratis, iisque demum
qui mentem quivis modo praeter solitum assiciunt util
140. Hinc tot res vix aene vix quidem PerCePtae, quamvis idonei in organa Sensuum impulsus ab iis sucti sint, vel si quodammodo, quamviS minuS Re- curate, perceptae fuerint, statim oblivioni traditae. Hinc novae Semper reS, CAE teris paribus, maXime Ob- Servatae, noVique SenSUS validissimi. Hinc SaePQ repetiti sensus, quamViS VR-lidi, brevi familiares sunt, et sere negliguntur; debiliores vero impulsus, qui t mon Sensum satis validum dare solebant, Saepe rePetiti, neque omnino percipidis, ingrotis, que demum iis qui asticiunt vel commovent
mentem praeter solitum quo vis modo.
140. Hinc tot res viae et ne quidem viae perceptae, statim sunto traditae oblivioni, quamvis idonei impulsus sint facti se iis in organa sensuum, vel si quo- dummodo perceptae fuerint
quamvis mintis accurate. Ninc semper Nobae res, caeteris parιbus, sunto mazime observatae, que novi sensus csunt validissimi. Hinc sensus saepe repetiti,
quamvis validi, sunt famialiares brevi clempore9 et
fere negliguntur; vero δε- biliores impulsus, qui tamen solebant dare satis validum
SCHSum, saepe repetiti, Neque omnino percipiuntur, neque di sagreeabie sensations, and lastly to those whicli assect orexcite the mind in any unuSual manner. 140. Hen e so many things whicli are scarcely and notin any degree perceived, although proper impulses have been made by them upon the organs of the senses, and like-wise others in some degree perceived, although IeSs accurately, are immediately committed to Oblivion. Hence newthings, other circumstances being equat, are alWays mOStnoticed, and new sensations are the most powersul. Hence Sensations osten repented, although powersul, become familiar in a stiori time, and are commonly neglected; butWeaher impulses, which were accustomed to excite sum- ciently Strong sensation, When frequently repea ted, are notat ali perceived, nor leave any traces os them in the mind.
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untur, neque ulla sui vestigia in animo relinquunt.141. Sunt qui strenue Contendunt hominem inter
sentiendum unicum tantum Sensum vel rei externae perceptionem Semper Contemplari; sed tam facile tumque subito ad Suum quodammodo arbitrium ab uno ad alium sensum ire atque redire, ut primo intuitu multos simul capere sibi videatur. Sed hoc minus
142. Certissimum vero est hominem saepe plures Sensus ejusdem generis simul percipere, dummodo hi ita conjungi et quasi misceri possint, ut Unam Per-Ceptionem, a singulis diverSam, et eX iis composi- relinquunt ulla vestigia sui*i
Strenue contendunt inter sentiendunt, hominem seu Crcontemplari unicum sensum tantum vel perceptionem rei
ea temue ; sed cillum9 ire atque redire t fucile atque
subito, ab uno ad alium Sen- Sum quodammodo ad suum arbitrium, ut primo intuitu Mideatur sibi capere multos simul. - Sed hoc est minus
142. Vero certissimum est hominem saepe percipere plures sensus ejusdem generissimul, dum nodo hi possint ita conjungi et quasi misceri, ut ephelant unum perceptionem, diversam a Singulis, et compositam et iis. Iliare
tion Or perception os an external objeci; but, that it goes and returna so suddenly and easily, Dum one sensation to another, as it Were, at iis plensure, that at first glance, heseems to himself to comprehend many at the Same time. But this is by no means certain. I 42. It is very certain, however, that man osten PercesVes Severat sensations of the fame description at the fame time, provided they be so combined, and , as it Were, mixed, thatthey effect one perception, dissering hom the Single Ones, and composed of them. I his union may be produced, either
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tam, efficiant. ΙΙsee con- conjunctio potest feri vel junctio fieri potest vel sin- singulis impulsibus simul gulis impulsibus simul sac- Vctis, vel novis impulsibustis, Vel novis impulsibus ιti,,ι subito succedentibus prioribus tam subito succe- prioribus ut prior Sensus dentibus, ut prior sensus nondum desiverit, cum Seu- nondum desiverit, cum pos- sus posterior jam inceperit. terior jam inceperit. Sen- Enim sensus saepe durat Sus enim saepe diutius quam diutius quam ipse impulsus ipse impulsus durat, prae- praesertim si idonea atten-
sertim si idonea adhibita tio animi fuerit tidhibitustiorit animi attentio 136, 136, 137. Musica com-137). Docet sonorum com- positio sonorum docet; char- positio musica; docet char- tu tincta variis coloribusta variis coloribus tincta, docet, quae cchurtu rupide quae rapide in circulum acta in circulum, ea hibet ucta, eundem Colorem me- eundem colorem medium vel dium vel mixtum, ex aliis mirtum compositum eae aliis, Compositum, exhibet, ae ac ipsi colores mirti estice- ipsi colores mixti Emeerent. rent. Quoque odores et odores quoque et SaporeS, sapores accipiunt pures com- singuli, ut videtur, Suo ge- positiones singuli sus genere,nere, PareS compoSitiones ut videtur: aliae quarum re- accipiunt; quarum aliae gra- periuntur gratae, aliae in tae, aliae ingratiSsimae repe- gratissimae. Ars coqui et by Separate impulses, made simultaneously, or by Desii impulses, So Suddenly succeeding the first, that tho first sensation has not subsided before the lalter sensation has commenced. FOr Sensation osten lasis longer than the impulse, particularly ii proper attention os the mind be applied, 136, I 37). The musical combination os founds is an instance; there is an example of this in paper tinge lwith various colours, whicli, is rapidly moved in a circle,
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riuntur. IIoc fundamento, magna Saltem eX Parte, nititur ars coqui et unguentarii. Perceptiones vero SiVeSenSUS quos tactus dat, tot
tamque diversi sunt, ut vix ita conjungi queant, ut unum, quasi medium vel
143. Ex causa quavis externa, impulsu nimirum in organum Sensus Certa vi facto, et certum tempus durante, Varius eSSe poterit SenSUS, propter multus res internas corpori Sentienti PropriaS, multasque partes quae ad sensum eiciendum necessariae sunt. Animi imprimis ratio habenda est, quod ad attentionem ; tum quoque cerebri, quod ad delirium, torporem, Somnum, vigiliam, See.; tiam DerVO-rum qui Organum Sentiens unguenturii nititur hoc fundamento, Stillem eae magna pa='te. Vero perceptiones Sive sensus quos tactus dat, sunt tot que tam diversi titqueant viae ita conjungi, ut efficiant unum Sensiam medium vel compositum.143. Sensus poterit essc
CXterua, nimirum impulsu iacto in organum SeNS' Scerta vi, et durante certum tempus, propter multas res internus proprius corpori
multus puries, quae Sunt necessoriae ad efficiendrim sen- Sum. Imprimis ratio animi
habenda est quod ud tittentionem tum quoque cratio)
neto od delirium, torporem, Somnum, vigilium, g c.; tum
degree, is dependant upon this. But the perceptions Or Sensations afforded by toxicli are so numerous and diversified, that they can Scarcely be combined, so as to produce One
143. Sensation may vary, is, hom any eXternat cauSe, an impulse be produced On an organ os sense, With a certain degree Os sorce, and continuing a certain time, On account of many internat things, peculiar to the sentient body, and On account of the numerous paris whicli are necessary toproduce sensation. In the srst place, account is to betaken of the mind, as to attention of tho brain, as to delirium, torpor, Steep, wate hiulness, and then of the nerves