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huic favet. Multum vero pendet ab ipsius corporis habitu, neque homo, ut bos, ad libitum saginari
poteSt. 105. Certa, Secundum aetatem hominis, obesitas, proSperae valetudinis signum est et effectus. Nimia Vero, ipSa morbus est, et
Semper vero et certissimhdebellanda, si modo fuerint bona voluntas et vis animi, valida corporis exercitatione, brevi Somno, Parcu et sicca. diaeta. Nec facilli miles gregarius repertus
106. Adeps semper partem haud exiguam corporiS facit, aliquando maximam. Non est igitur dubitandum, quin suos usus habeat. Motum faciliorem et libe- favet huic. Vero multum pendet ab habitu ipsius corporis, Neque homo, ut bos, potest saginari ad libitum.105. Certa obesitas Secundum aetatem hominis est signum et essectus prosperae valetudinis vero nimia cobesitas9 est ipsa morbus, et
certissime debellanda est, modo si fuerit bona voluntas et vis animi9, valida er-ercitatione corporis, brevisomno, diaeta parca et Sicca.
Nec facile miles gregarius repertus fuerit, qui conqueratur de tali morbo.1O6. Adeps semper facit
haud eriguam partem corporis, aliquando facit maximum partem θ. Ilatitur non dubitandum est, quin habeat SuOS usus. Adepso reddit
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riorem reddit, partes movendas oblinendo, et sic frictionem minuendo. Hoc modo, ne abradantur solidae
partes, quod aliter fieret, impedit; nec sinit partes
vicinas concrescere, quod aliquando fit, si ulcere vel alio casu, pars aliqua telae quae adipem continebat destructa fuerit. 107. Quin, et ad corporis sormam et pulchritudinem haud parum conseri, magna intorstitia inter musculos implendo, quae corpus deforme et horrendum redderent. Justa autem pingUedine, hoc, nitidum, tereS, atque rotundum fit. Porro, adeps colorem dat candi dum, cereum, qui, rOSeo miXtus, venustissimum oris
colorem emcit. ΙΙinc fit, ut puellae, male metuentes motum faciliorem et liberiorem, Oblinendo partes movendas, et sic minuendo frictionem. Hoc modo, impedit, ne solidae partes abradantur, quod feret aliter ;nec sinit partes vicinas concrescere, quod si reliquando, si pars aliqua teloe, quae continebat adipem, destructa fuerit iacere vel alio casu. 107. Quin confert haud parum ad formam et pulchritudinem corporis, implendo magna interstitia inter musculos, quae cinum stitia o redderent corpus homrendum et deforme. Autem
dum, teres atque rotundum justu pinguedine. Porro, adeps dat colorem candidum, cereum, qui mimius roseo, efficit colorem v nustissimum o=qs. Hinc it, the paris whicli are to be moved. and in this way diminishos friction. It thus prevenis the librasion os the solid paris, whicli must otherwise take place, and does not allow theneighbouring paris to grOW together, as Sometimes occurswhen some part of the membrane, whicli contained the sat, is destroyed by ulceration or oster accidenis.107. It contributes no litile to the form and beauty os thebody, by filling up the interstices between the muscies, whichwould produce horribie deformity. By means of a due degree os corpulency, the body becomes smooth and rounded. Moreover sat gives that lair, waxen colour, which Whenmixed with the rosy tint, forins the most beautisul complexion. Hence it is, that giris, scolishly fearing too much cor-
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ne nimis pinguescant, et medicamentis, diaeta, vitae
tes, Cum nitido corporis habitu, oris quoque VenuSt tem perdere soleant.108. Nutrire creditur adeps ex suis cellulis in Sanguinem resumptus. Sed hoe minus certum est. Afrigore quodammodo defendit; animalibus regionUm frigidarum magna copia datUS. ut puellae mole metuentes, ne nimis pinguescant, et conantes marcescere se9 medicamentis, diaeta, et genere vita, soleant perdere cum nitido habitu corporis, quoque venustatem Orig.
Sumptus ex suis cellulis in sanguinem creditur nutrire. Sed hoc est minus certum.
Quodammodo defendit a friagore: cadepsθ dutus cest9
magna copia animalibus regionum frigidarum.
pulency, and endemouring to reduce themselves by medicines, diei, and mode os lise, lose, together with their comelyhabit of body, their beautilat complexion. l08. Fat is thought to nourish, when re sorbed hom iis celis into the blood. But this is by no means certain. In Some manner it protecta stom cold, thence a reason that sat is supplied in such abundance to the animais of the cold
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CAP. III. - De solido vivo, Seu genere uerboSo, ejusque dotibus, fabrica, et usibus; nec non de conjecturis quae circa ejus naturam et functiones prolatae Sunt.
109. SOLIDA viva, Vel vitalia, dicuntur parteS SO-lidae quae sensum et mobilitatem habent. Hae doteS, a vita pendentes, cum ea incipiunt et desinunt. Dotes Vero partium solidarum, de
110. Partes autem, quae Vel sensum, vel mobilitatem, vel utrumque habent, Sunt Cerebrum, cerebellum, medulla oblongata, medulla spinulis, nervi ex his ori-Cap. III. - De vi oo solido, seu cd09 genere nerυ0So,
et usibus ejus; nec non de conjecturis quae prolatae sunt circa naturam et junctiones ejuS.
109. PARTES solidae, quoe habent sensum et mobilitatem, dicuntur solida viva, vel vitalia. IIae dotes, pCndentes a vita, incipiunt et desinunt cum ea. Verodotes partium solidarum, de
sequentitus supersunt etiam post mortem. 110. Autem partes, Pughabent aut sensum vel mobilitatem vel uti limque, Surit cerebrum, cerebellum, medulla oblongata, medulla spinalis et nervi oriundi eae his,
CAAP. III. - On the living, solid, or nervous system, on the properties, structure, and uSes of it; also on the conjectures which have been promulgated, concerning iis nature and functisHS.
109. The soliti paris which e oy sensation and motionare called, living or vital Solids. These properties, depend-ing upon lise, begin and terminate With it. But those properties of the solid paris, Which were spoken Os at section75, and following sections, rema in even aster death. Il0. The paris Whi h enjoy sensation or motion or both, are the Cerebrum, Cerebellum, Medulla oblongata, Medulla
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undi, per totum sere corpus diffusi, in varia Singulorum
impensi, et demum musculi ipSi. 111. Sensus multo magis generalis est quam mobilitas, quippe qui omnibus partibus jam recensitiS COII1- muniS Sit, quamvis plane
per nervos solos fiat. Mobilitas vero solis fibris musculosis est propria. Ubicunque igitur SeNSUS QSt, ibi nurui; ubicunque vero mobilitas observatur, ibi fibrae musculosae videntur
iPSa a nexu, quem musculi Cum nerviS, &C. habent, pendere videtur: nam reSECto, Vel compresso, vel ligatonerVO, mUSCUli quibus im-
Suum singulorum et cino musculos, et demum musculi ipsi. 111. Sensus est mrilto magis generalis quam mobilia tufi, quippe qui sit communis omnibus partibus jum recen
solis. Igitur ubicunque est sensus, ibi nervi sunt; υero ubicunque mobilitas observatur, ibi brae musculosae videntur fSSe. 112. Quin et ipsa mobilitas videtur pendere a Nea V, quem musculi habent cum
musculi quibus cnervus o impendebatur, brevi tempore θ
Spinalis, and nerves arising froin them, spread generat lythrough the whole body, upon the various organS, Separate Senses and muscies, and lastly the muscies themSelves. III. Sensation is much more generat than motion, for itis common to ali the paris above-mentioned, although ittakes place evidently by means of the nerves alone. Mobili ty is confined solely to the muscular fibres. Theres ore, whereuer there is senSation there are nerveS; and wherevermotion is observed there appear to be muscular fibres. II 2. Mobility itself seems to depend upon the Connectionbetween tho nauseles and nerves ; for is a nerve be Cut, compressed, or lied, the museles on whicli it was distributtid, in a sh 0rt time l0Se their mobili ty, or peculiar contractile
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Suam, Seu Vim propriam contrahendi, brevi amittunt; nec aliter res se habet, Si cerebrum ipsum, vel origonerVOrum, male assecta fuerint.113. Sunt qui credunt
muSeulos a nervis oriri et formari, et ex eadem materia Constare. Utrique sane Similem Structuram habent, quatenus ex fibris valde minutis constent; utrique albi sunt, dummodo musculi probe eloti, et a Sanguine, quem multum continent,
purgati suerint: Neque opemicroscopii ullo modo distingui possunt fibrae nervo- Spe quae bene multae muSCulos subeunt, ab ipsis fibris musculosis. Ρorro, idem Sensus utrisque est, et stimulantia et sedantia medicamenta eosdem plane esseC- amittant suam mobilitatem, seu vim propriam contrahendi : nec res habet se aliter, si cerebrum ipsum vel Origo nerυorum, male assecta fuerint.
qui credunt musculos oriri et formari nervis, et con-
structuram, quatenus coustent eae fbris valde minutis, utrique sunt albi, dummodo musculi fuerint bene eloti, et purguti, a sanguine
possunt ullo modo distingui ab ipsis sbris musculosis, Opemicroscopii. Porro est idem Sensus utrisque; et stimulantia et sedantia medicamenta edunt plane eosdem power. The Same takes place, is the brain iiself, or cona- mencement of the nerves, be disordered. 113. There are Some men, Who consider that the muscies arise hom, and are formed by the nerves, and consist of the Same substance. They both certainly have a similar strue ture, inasmuch as they consist of very minute fibres ; bothare White, provided the muscies be welt washed and cleansedi rom the blood, whicli they contain in considerable quantity : nor can the very numerous nervous fibres which enter the muscies be in any degrue distinguished Dom the muscular fibros theniselves, by the assistance of a microScope. Moreover there is the fame sensation in both, for stimulanis and Sedatives evidently produce the fame effecis in the muS-
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tus in musculis edunt, Sive ipsi musculo, sive nervo qui eum adeat, admota fuerint. 114. Quantis dissicultati bus prematur scientia Originis multarum corporis Partium, alibi locus erit dicendi; sive Omnes eodem tempore, siVe alias post alias, certo ordine produci Credamus. Interea tamen non dissimulandum eSt, Partes quaSdam musculosas Perquam mature in foetu Conspici, et insignem vim et robur jam adeptaS eSSe, quum cerebrum ipsum adhuc molle et sere fluidum reperitur; earumque actionem ad hujus functionem et augmen requiri; et muSculos semper partibus vere nervosis multo firmiores ESSE, et vim propriam, irritabilem nimirum, habere, ectus in musculis, Sive admota juerint ipsi musculo, sive nerυο, qui adeat eum.
114. Alibi erit locus dicendi, quantis dissicultatibus
scientia originis multarum partium corporis prematur; sive credamus omnes partes produci certo ordine eodem tempore, sive ccreda
post alias. Interea tamen non dissimulandum est, partes quasdam musculOSaS conspici perquam mature in foetu, et jam adeptas esse insignem vim et robur, quum cerebrum ipsum reperitur
que actionem earum cpartium musculosarumθ requiriod functionem et augmen ejus; et musculos semper evemulto firmiores partibus vere nervosis, et hahere vim procles, whether they be applied to the muscle itself, or to thenerve which enters it. II 4. There will be elsewhere an opportunity os speising of the dissiduities whicli obstruet the knowledge of the originos many paris of the body; whether we should considerthem ali as produced in certain order at the Same time, orin succession One aster the other. Nevertheless, it cannot be dissembled that certain muscular paris are ObServed very early in the laetus, and have atready acquired considerablopo er and strength, whilst the brain iiself is Dund stili sostand nearly fluid, and that the action Os these, paris is required for iis functions and increase ; and likewise that mus cles are much firmer than paris merely nervovS, and haVe a
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quam nervi nunquam Par ticipant.115. Oportet, igitur, Vel ex diversa musculi constituti fuerint materia, ab ea ex qua nervi fiunt, Vel, si ex eadem utrique Con- Stent, haec fabricae prorSUS
diversae sit in his, ac in illis, ut vires adeo dissimiles habeat. Quod si, igitur,
diversa sit musculorum a nervorum SubStantia, tum facile patebit multam Sub- Stantiam nervosam Cum muSCUlosa Semper miSeeri. Nam acicula tenuissima non
potest in musculum adigi, quin inde simul multi r muli nervosi pungantur vel lacerentur; ut dolor clare testatur lil).116. Igitur tam arctUS
prium, nimirum, irritabilem, quum cuimo nervi nunquam purticipant.115. Igitur oportet, cut9 vel musculi constituti su rint eae diversa materia, ab ea eae qua materia nervi sunt, vel, si utrique constenteae eodem materia , haec materia sit prorsus diversae fabricae in his ac in illis, ut habeat vires adeo dissimiles. Quod si, igitur,
substantia musculorum ac nervorum sit diversa, tum
facile patebit multam substantiam nervosam misceri Semper cum musculosa. Nam tenuissima acicula risu potest adigi in musculum, quin inde multi ramuli nervosi simul pungantur vel lacerentur: ut dolor clare testatur ali 116. Igitur nerus tam arctus intercedit inter vili peculiar property, namely irritability, of whicli the nerves
lib. It must be, that the muscies are sormed os matterdisserent froni that of the nerves, or is both are formed of tho Same, their structure must be disserent, in order that their properties Should be so dissimilar. Therofore, is the substance of the muscies and nerves be disserent, it Will be veryclear that much nervous substance is mixed up with themia scies ; for the sinest needle cannot be ins6rted into a mugete Without many nervous ramifications being priched orlacerated; as pain evidently shows. III)II 6. Therei re, theru is Such a very close connection be-
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intercedit nexus, tum quod ad officium attinet quo sunguntur, tum quod ad fabricam quam habent, Ut merito omnia solita viva pro partibus ejusdem generiS habeantur, cui nomen Genus Nervosum a medicis imponi solet. 11 T. Mirae quas hae parteSpossident dotes medicorum et philosophorum attentionem optimo jure sibi vindicarunt : plurimique et ingeniosissimi viri inter quos
Summum Neutonum numerare oportet) operam haud exiguam collocarunt in causis earundem investigandis, modoque perscrutando quo Variae ipsarum functiones fierent; variasque quae Sin
Conjecturas in medium Protulerunt. Nondum Vero r
culas que nervos, tum ciueo quod attinet ad osscium quo funguntur, tum quod ad lubricum, quam habent,
ut merito omnia solida viva habeantur pro partibus ejusdem generis, cui nomen Genus Nervosum solet imponia medicis.117. Mirae dotes, quashoe partes possident, vindicarunt sibi optimo jure attentionem medicorum et philosophorum: que plurimi et ingeniosissimi viri cinter
quos Oportet numerare Summum Neutonum collocarunt haud eae uam operam tu investigiandis cauSiS ea ruridem, que perscrutando
deo modo, quo variae functiones ipsarum serent; queprotulerunt tu medium varias conjecturas de his rebus
tween the muscies and nerves, both in their functions and Structure, that ali the living solids may be considered asparis of one hind, to whieli the name os nervous System hasbeen given by medicat men. IIT. The wonderi ut properties possessed by these paris, deservedly claimed the attention os medicat men and philosopherS : and many very ingenious men samongSt WhommuSt be enumeraled the illustrious Newton) took no litile palns in investigating the causes of them, and inquiring into the manner in whicli their disserent functions were per-sermed ; they lik0wise published the various conjectures sol med individually upon these matters. But aS yet norationat mode os investigating the subject by experiment,
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tio ulla proposita est rem Per experimenta explorandi; et experientia bis mille annorum Satis Superque demonstravit sapientissimos etiam hominum Naturae a Cuna Conjectando rarissime detegere. Male omnino Neutoni nomine, nunquam non Venerando, abusi sunt scriptores nonnulli, qui opinionem quam tueri cuperent in ejus auctoritatem rejeCerunt totam : quamvis ille, solita modestia et prudentia quas laudare quam imitari
plerique auctores maluere suam de hac re sententiam, pro conjectura tantum Seu quaeStione proposuerit, idoneis experimentis et argumentis aut refellenda aut confirmanda. Sed ne quidsm Neutoni conjecturas pro veris Sumere licet: non singulis. Vero nondum tillariatio e lorandi rem per G- perimenta proposita est; et eaeperientia bis mille annorum demonstravit satis superque, etiam sapientissimos homines rarissime detegere arcana Naturae conjecta M. Nonnulli scriptores omnino male abusi sunt nomine Neutoni, nunquam risu Neri
rando, qui rejecerunt opini Hem quam cuperent tueri in auctoritatem ejus; quamvis ille, solita modestia et prudentia, quus plerique
suam sententiam de hac re, pro conjectura tantum seu quaestione, aut refellendareui consi manda idoneis eX- perimentis et argumentis. Sed licet sumere conjecturaS ne quidem Neutoni pro Ne
has been proposed : and the experience of twO thousandyears has more than adequalely shown, that the most learnedcan very rarely discOver the arcana of nature by conjecture. Some writers have greatly and basely abused the name os Ne ton, ever to be veneraled, by referring their opinion to his authority ; although he, With his usual modesty and caution whicli many authors would rather commend than imitate. gave his opinion on this subjeci, as conjecture or a query only, to be refuted or established by proper experiments and arguments. But we must not receive the COn- ectures even os a Newton as trullis: this is not the way to imitate him ; nor in this way can science be adVane ed.