장음표시 사용
121쪽
111 adeunt, prout integri, liberi, Sani, vel Prout CompreSSi, aliterve laesi fuerint; tum finium nervorum ipsius organi, prout magis minusve sentientes fuerint, vel a prima corporis fabricatione, vel ab aliis impulsibus antea factis, vel a calore aut frigore, Vel a statu vasorum Sanguinem vehentium, qUzeminutas nervosas fibras Comitantur inseparabilia, quae que Vel praeter solitum laxari vel distendi, vel demum inflammari possunt; tum denique partium, qualeS Cunque fuerint, rationem habere oportet, quae fines
nervorum tenuissimos et aCerrime sentientes tegunt et d0sendunt, et vim impreS-sionum vel augent vel tem- Perant. Quales sunt cuticula ubique corporis, auriS
fuerint integri, liberi, sunt, vel prout compressi De aliter laesi; tum cratio habenda esto finium nervorum ψ-bius organi, prout fuerint
vel a prima fabricatione corporis, vel altis impulsibus an teu factis, vel a calore aut frigore, vel a statu vasorum vehentium sanguinem, quκ vas ιθ inseparabilia comi tantur minutas nerυosas DbraF, quC qure possunt vellarari vel distendi praeter solitum vel demum insani mari r tum denique oportet habere rationem partium, qualescunque fuerint, quoe
nervorum tenuissimos et acerrime Sentientes, et vel augent, vel temperant vim which enter the sentient Organ, whether they are Sound , Dee, healthy, or compressed, or other ise injured : thenos the extremities of the nerves of the organ itself, as tobe ing more or less sentient, either depending on the primarystructuro os the body, or Other impulses previοuSly made, Oron heat, Or cold, on the state of the blood-vesself, whic hinseparably accompany the minute nervous fibreS, and which may be unusualty relaxed, or diStended, or, laStly, undergo inflammation : we must. lastly, take into account the paris, Whatever they be, whieli coxer and proieci tho very minutely and sinely sentient extemities of the nerves,
122쪽
tum externa tum interna, ejusque meatUS uterque et varii demum oculi hu
144. Porro a multis caU- sis internis, nulla aut ju
scia, et varii HuS StatUS, CO-gitatio, memoria, imaginatio, Voluntas, asseCtuS Omnes, huc referri POSSunt. Tum quoque varii corporis StatuS, vigor, debilitas, at Critas, torpor, lassitudo, dolor, anxietaS, pruritUS, RPPetitus, veluti sumeS et sitis, propensiones demum multae, qualeS ad tussim, Vomi
si similia, impellunt. Plerosque vero horum Sen-Suum, quatenUS Corporei impressionum. Quales sunt cuticula ubique corporis, tum eaeterna tum inter incturis, que uterque meatus ejus; et demtim varii humores oculi. 144. Porro nonnulli sensus oriuntur a multis causis internis, nulla cat Sa eX- terna aut juvante aut concurrente. I pSa mens conscia sui, et varii status ejus, sciliceto cogitatio memoria, imaginario, voluntas, Omneso jectus, possunt huc referri. Tum quoque varii status corporis, Scilicet, vigor, δε-bilitas, alacritas, torpor, lassitudo, dolor, anzictas, pruritus, appetitus, veluti fumes et sitis, demum multae py'Opensiones, quales impellunt ad tussim, vomitum, udo alvum evacuandam et similia. Vero solemus referre ad sensum tactus, plerosque externat and internat ear, both iis passages, and lastly, thedisserent humors os the eye.144. Many sensations ariSe frona many internat causes, without any externat cauSe ei ther RSSiSting or concurring. The minit, conscious of itSelf, and various states os it, suchas thought, memory, imagination, Will, and ali assections, may be referre t to this cause. Likewise the various States of the body ; such as vigour, debility, cheersuin S, torpor, wearineSS, Palla, anxiety. itching, appetites, such as hungeror thirst; lastly, many inclinationS Whicli urge uS to Cough. vomit, evacuate the bowelS, and the like. We are accus -
123쪽
Sunt, ad SonSum tactus re- serre Solem IS. 145. Sensus, tum CXterni, tum interni, nunquum RC-
curate ad Classes vel genera relati sunt. Externi Vero, Semper et ubique ad quinque genera reseruntur, Dem-pe ViSum, auditum, Olfactum, guStum et laetum. Quod priores quatuor Speetat, Paucae Corporum eXte norum qualitates, quas unusquiSque eorum percipit, facile in classes a Se invicem diversas redUCUUtur, et ad unum et proprium SenSum reseruntur. Imprimis, quia sensus ipSe Singulare et proprium organum
habet, neque alibi in corpore insidet, aut quivis modo excitari potest; tum
quoque quia SenSUS Org num ab uno genere impul- horum Seninum, quatfuriSchi sensus sunt corporci. 145. Sensus, tum eaeterni tum interni, nunquam Sunt relati accurate ad classes vel genera. Vero sensuso eaeterni semper et ubique res runtur ad quinque gerierct, nempe, visum, auditum, OLfuctum, gustum et tactum.
eorum percipit, facile reducuntur in classes invicem di-Ue 'Sas a se, et referuntur ad unum et proprium Serisum.
Imprimis, quia ipse sensus habet singulare et proprium organum, neque insidet alibi in corpore, aut potest eaecitari quovis modo; tum quoque
quia organum sensus .citur ab uno genere impulsuS, tomed to reser many of these sensations, inasmuch as theyare Corporeat, to the Sense of touch. 145. Both the externat and internat sensations have ne ver been accurately reserred to classes or genera. Butthe external ones are always and universalty referred to sive genera; nam ely, Sight, hearing, Smeli, taste, and toue h. As to the first four, the law qualities of externat bodies whicheach of them perceives, are eastly reduced into claSSes, dissering together, and are referred to one and the proper Sense. Especially, because the sense itself has iis own peculiar Organ, nor reSideS, nor can be produced, in any other pari os tho body; and because the organ os sense is
124쪽
sus assicitur, veluti lucis, tremorum aeris, particUlarum volatilium; tum denique quia perceptiones eX singulis istorum SenSUum, quantumvis iniser se differr0 videantur, aliquid Semper Commune habent, ita ut comparari possint earumque similitudines et diss0rentiae detegi. 146. Hoc verissimum est de rebus quaS aureS, nareS, vel lingua percipiunt. OCU-li vero plures res capiunt, easque satis dissimiles; colorem scilicet, figuram, magnitudinem et motum. Omnes tamen hae perceptiones ad unum sensum facile reseruntur, quia Per idem Organum idemque medium, ut Vocatur, idemque genuS impulsus, percipiuntur. Reliquae autem perceptioneS,
veluti lucis, tremorum aeriS, volatilium particuliarum; tum denique quia perceptiones eae singulis istorum
Sensuum, quautumvis videantur dimet re inter se, Semper habent aliquid commune, ita ut possint comparari quc similitudines et differentiae, cinum possint detegi.
146. Hoc est verissimum de rebus, quaS aur CS, NurcS
vel lingua percipiunt. Vero oculi capiunt plures reS, queeus cres9 satis dissimiles pscilicet colorem, Murum,
magnitudinem et motum. Tamen omnes hae perceptiones facile referuntur ad
unum SCnsum, quia percipiuntur, per idem Organumque idem medium, ut Noca
impulsus. Autem reliquae the air, or volatile particles ; and . lastly, be ause the perceptions os the individual senses, although appearing to disser,
have always something in Common, so that they may admitos comparison, and their resemblance and disserenoes maybo detected. 146. This is very true concerning things whicli the ears, nostriis, or longue, perceiVe. But the eyes take in more objecis, and of a dissimilar description ; namely. colour, sire, and motion . NevertheleSS ait these perceptions areeasily reserred to one Sense, because they a re perceived through the fame organ, the Same medium, as it is called, and the samo kind of impulse. But the other perception S, howevor dissimilar, are reseIred to the Sense of touch.
125쪽
utcunque dissimiles fuerint, ad SenSum tactuS rese
147. Sensus plerique vel grati vel ingrati reperiuntur: Scilicet non modo nos de
rumque qualitates nobis re- Presentant, Sed animum Simul ita assiciunt, ut eosdem Sensus vel cupiamus vel nolimus, continuari aut repeti. 148. In quibusdam Sen-SuUm exempliS, Sensus ipSe, mutatio scilicet quae in animi statu emcitur, jucunduSeSt, et ab eo solo voluptas nascitur. In aliis Vero eXemplis, non tantum SenSUS quam perceptio, qualitas nimirum seu conditio rei eXternae quam percipimus et SensuS Ope cognOSCimUS, voluptatem dat. perceptiones, utcunque fuerint dissimiles, referuntur ad senstim tactυS. 147. Sensus plerique reperiuntur grati vel ingrati;
scilicet non modo monent HOS de rebus caeternis, que Γ
presentant nobis qualitates earum, Sed simul ita -ciunt animum tit vel cupiamus aut nolimus eosdem SCHSu3, continuari aut repeti. 143. In quibusdam eaeemplis sensuum, SensuS ipse, scilicet mutatio quae esscitur in statu animi est jucundus, et voluptas nascitur ab eo solo. Vero in ullis eaeemplis, sensus non dat voluptatem tantum quam perceptis, nimirum qualitas seu conditio rei eaeternae quum perciapimus et cognoscimus Ope
147. Most os the sensations are agree te or disagreeable: ser, they not only admonisii us of external objecis, and represent in us their qualities, but at the fame time SO influence the mind, that we destre or distike those sensationsto be continued Or repented. 148. In some instances os sensations, the sensation itself, that is, the change produced in the stato of the mind, is agreeabie, and pleasure is derived Dorn it alone ; but in Other instanees, sensation does not so much assord pleasureas perception, that is, the quality or condition Os an externalobjeci, which We perceive and know b3 means of the organ
126쪽
149. Prioris generiS eX- empla sunt, jucundi Sensus Seu voluptates quas gUStus, olfactus, auditus nobis SV gerunt; quibus adjungere oportet Sensus qUOSilam, veluti caloris, quos laetus dat. In his nimirum eXemplis ad sensum solum attendimus, neque ab eo quie- quid docemur de cauSa Seu qualitate corporis externi quae Sensum eicit. Siquid istiusmodi novimus, id, ope aliorum sensuum et judicii, observando, periclitando, ratiocinando, plane didicimus.150. Posterioris exempla Sunt, perceptioneS quaedam jucundae qualitatum rerum
externarum, quas vel visus vel tactus nobis suggerunt:
veluti pulchritudinis omnis visibilis, formae, Propor
149. Iucundi sensus Seu voluptates, quaS, guStus, O factus, auditus suggerunt nobis sunt eaeempla prioris generis; quibus oportet adjungere quosdam Serisus, quOStactus dat, veluti caloris.
attendimus ad sensum Solum,Heque docemur quicquid ab eo, de causa seu qualitate corporis eaeterni, quae qualitas eisscit sensum. Si noviamus quid istiusmodi, plane didicimus id, ope aliorum sensuum et judicii, Observando, periclitando, ratioci
perceptiones qualitatum rerum CXternarum, quas quα-
litotes o vel visus vel tactus
127쪽
tionis, motus, et sorsitan coloris quoque; vel denique sormae tactilis, aut laevoris aut mollitisi. In his scilicet exemplis perceptio ipsa
placet: neglectoque SenSU, Seu mutato animi statu, ad rem Seu qualitatem quam Sensus ille suggerit statim transimus, eamque SaePecum voluptate contempla
151. Dissicillimum prosecto explanatu videtur, Cur tot diversi sensus a Variis impressionum generibus incerta corporis Organa saet
rum oriantur 145, 146 . Multo autem dissicilius explanatu est, cur ab omnisere genere impressionum in
varia corporis Organa, tales eXcitentur sensus, qualeS non modo suam singuli
bilis pulchritudinιs, forma', proportionis, motus, et forsitan quoque coloris; vel δε-nique formae tactilis, aut laevoris, aut mollitiei. Sciliacet ipsa perceptio placet in
his eremptis: que Seusti Neglecto, statu animi mutato, statim transimus ad rem seu qualitatem quam ille sensus Suggerit, que Saepe contemplamur eam cum voluptate.
151. Profecto videtur dissicillimum evianatu, cur tot diversi sensus oriantura variis generibus impressionum facturum in certa
Organa corporis 145, 146 . Autem est multo difficilius
e lanatu, cur tales Sensus eaecitentur fere ab omni genere impi)essionum in varia organa corporis, quales noumodo singuli representave-serm, proportion, motion, and perhaps also os colour; or, lastly, of tangibie forin, Smoothness, Or sostneSS. FOr, theperception iiseis pleases in theso instanees; and, is the sensation be neglected, and the state os the minit be changed, we immediately mahe a transition to the objeci or qualibwhicli that sensation suggests, and osten contemplate it with
15I. It appears, indeed, very dissiculi os sexplanation, whyso many disserent sensations should arise hom the various kinds of impressions made upon the organs os the body, I 45, 146 . But it is much more dissiculi to be explained, why sensations should be excited by nearly every kind of impression upon the disserent organs of the body, such as
128쪽
eunden simul vel plurimum delectaverint, vel insigni dolore, angore, molestia, faStidio, affecerint.152. Sensus enim, Utelinque inter se, Secundum Varia eorum organa, TeSque quae haec afficiunt, diversi, tamen Constantes Sunt, eaSdemque semper Singuli causaS Rg-DOSCunt ; neque eidem homini, variis temporibuS, Eadem impressio varium dat SenSUm Seu perceptionem; neque ratio ulla existit, cur
impressionem diversum di versis hominibus sensum aut perceptionem dare, nisi in nonnullis rarissimis exemplis, in quibus verisimile est vitium aliquod, neque Sane leVe, in corporerint suum perceptionem animo 130, a 31), sed delectaverint eundem simul vel plurimum, vel a sicerint insigni
152. Enim sensus, utcunque diversi inter se, SectiH- dum varia organa eorum,
que secundu49 res quae ficiunt haec ci. e. Orgaria,ὰ
sunt tamen constant , que semper singuli agnoscunt easdem causas; neque eadem
impressio dat varium Sensum Seu perceptionem eidem homini, variis temporibus: neque ulla ratio eristit, cur
impresaionem dare diversum Sen8um Seu perceptionem in diversis hominibus, nisi in nonnullis rurissimis eaeemplis, in quibus verisimile est aliquod vitium, neque Sarienot only represent to the mind each ita individual perception, l30, I 3I), but at the fame time either afford it considerable delight, or assect it With great pain, anguisti,
trouble, sor in averSion. 152. For sensations, however disserent amongst them-Selves as to their organs, and the circumstances whicli associthem, are nevertheless conStant, and alWays individuallysubject to the fame causes: the Same impression does notassord a disserent sensation or perception to the Same man at disserent times; nor is there any reason, Why We Should Suppose that the fame objector impression assords a disserent Sensation Or perception in disserent men, unless in some
Very rare instances, in whicli it is probable that thero is
129쪽
Subesse, vel hujus saltem SenSuum Organa a solito et naturali statu multum alie
153. Voluptas Vero, Vel molestia, vel fastidium, quae
tot sensus comitantur, V riant, quam maXime, Cum
in variis hominibus, tum in iisdem, variis temporibUS. 154. Insignis quoque, et sere incrudibilis, est Vis
consuetudinis in voluptates aut molestias Sensus; eXigua autem in sensum ip-Sum, et nulla omnino in Perceptionem qualitatis rei
tudine, durum pro molli, aut rubrum pro viridi, aut mel pro absinthio, aut absinthium pro melle, percipere potest; quamvis vel singulet e, subcsse in corpore, vel saltem organa sensuum hujus corporis multum alienaria solito et naturali statu. 153. Vero voluptas, vel
molestia vel f stidium, quoecomitantur tot sensus, quum maXime variant, cum in
variis hominibus, tum in iisdem, variis temporibus.154. Quoque vis conSuetudinis est insignis et freincredibilis in voluptates aut molestias sensus; aut cilluest9 erigua in ipsum senSum, et omnino nulla in perceptionem qualitatis rei eaeternae
quam Sensus suggerit. Enimn O Sanus, Nel natura vel
consuetudine, potest percipere durum, pro molli, aut rubrum pro viridi, aut mel pro absinthio, aut absinthium pro melle; quamυis
some disorder, sand that not stight) in the body, or at Ieast, that the organs os sense os this body, are much changedhom their usual and natural state. 153. The pleasure, uneasiness, or aversion, Whieli attendZO many SenSations, vary very much, both in disserent men, and in the samo men at disserent times. J54. The power os habit also, upon the pleasures an diroubles of sensation, is astonishing, and nearly incredibie ;but it is stight upon sensation iiseis, and lost completely, upon the perception Os the quality os an external objeci, whicli is suggested by sensation. For no Sensibi e man, either by nature or habit, can mista he hard sor sost, red forgreen, Or honey sor WormW00d; although, either by pecu -
130쪽
lari corporis constitutione, vol demum Sola ConSuetudine, amarissima ista horba Hymettio melle gratior et jucundior gustui fieri possit.
155. Quamvis SenSUS Plerique plus minus grati sint,
insigne eos inter hac de re discrimen intercedere, et alios natura fere omnibus hominibus esse gratissimos, alios valde ingratos, nonnullos demum adeo indisserentes, ut neqUe Voluptatem neque molestiam Ullam dent. Hujusmodi Sensuum discriminum ratio nulla hactenus reddita est. 156. Est quoddam tamen DOViSSe, unumquodque sere SenSuum genUS, Vel gratum lione corporis, vel demum Sola consuetudine, ista herba
amarissima potest feri gratior et jucundior gustui melle Hymettio 155. Quamvis plerique Serasus sint plus coel9 m
rius grati, tamen Non est negandum, insigne discrimen intercedere inter eos de hoc re, et alios natura fre esse gratissimos omnibus hominia
dent neque voluptatem, H que ullum molestiam. Nulla ratio discriminum senSuum hujusmodi hactentis est re dita 156. Tamen, est quom dam novisse, fere unumquo que genus sensuum, esse velliarity os constitution or by habit alone, that bitter herb maybe more acceptable and agreeable to the palate than Hymettian honey itself. 155. Although most os the sensations are more Or tessagreeabie, it cannot be dented, that there is a great disser- ence belween them in this respeci, and that some os themare by their nature most pleasing to ali men. and that othersare Very unplea Sant, and lastly, that some are so indifferent,as nei ther to give pleaSure or uneasiness. There is noreason given sor disserences of this description. 156. Nevertheless, it is Worth being known, that every