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sative after celaris, Which mantake two accusatives the person and the thingi. Ivit 18 tiliatraheria alid . . . Posueris: Seed I99. II. a. Iviii 20 CHAP. 3. Eae ... aetate: aeea II9. - qua disimus the complete sentence Would hesua viximus eum profectum esse supplied fromyrefectus ess).
Ivlii 23 Id his appotniment. - Rarthaginem se 97. Ivili 25 viginti annis natus cf. novem annos naid, l. 5 See DI I9. note. Durationis time is regulari expressed by the accusative 3 96 .
authorit os dictator. For an . . . immera Seea II 6. Dictatorem agrees byattraction, With maris m accusative . Iri 15 abaena: in his absence' his brothermago was in command.
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Senate ere munus estrum gratum acceptumque est obsides quo loco rematis erunt captivos non remittemus, quod Hannibaiam, cuius ossema suscertum bellum est, . . . aberis . . . Marinem.
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IXV 6 CHAP. 10. quam . . . armarit: ' than arm.'
Io 12 quo magis: an ali the more' s II 4 .
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lava armis se DII 5. Imperarit . . . emente . . . conligi: see a I7. a. L ero ordinarii takea the subju With, i I83 . lavra omes ut ut omnes omnes is more emphatic before, sp US . lavra tantum . . . se defendere ' meret to defend themselves IH 23 6nsecuturos esse, se gai 7.b the ver of s in is implied in praecipis l. 2ω - Re . . . facturum esse): the order of the oras is determine by thei emphasis p. os . ex is the auri os Meretur, and this claus is in turn the obj. o scirent Lao I . For ut scirent se LI87. I. IXV 24 quem L. . . fore 'he promise that M etc.
1xviris futurba fusuros esse. IXVii 2 auum . . . sibique indir reflexives, referring to the Romani ε 33 . Secum a dir reflex referring to rusias 3 13a, lxvii Minu . . . ne . . . oatularent: 'he objected to thei ashing 3 8S . ia . . . fierI ae Lai 7 a itis the antecedent of quod. lavii 4 quod . . . esset: 'whic mas' Lai ).-USI. . . comprehenderent: that the themselves hould seire him ' in indir disc., a ver of sayingheing implied in recus it. His direct word mere ipsi eo reflendite impV. . lxviii ubi esset: see qao8. - invenlliros: Hs inventiares esse s 2I7. i. His direct worda mere locum ubi es faciae invenietis. laviis muneri se 89. - aedificarat areae caverat. lavit 13 num . . . halleretur: se Lao I. note.
other' ill ' for alieno amburio se DII I. - memor . . . Virtutum: Seed M.
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I 1 CHAP. I. Gaius the regula Latin form usualty rillen Caius in English. - familia: abi. o origin φ Ioa . Ira cinnae a prominent leader of the popular Party. 4 Sinae the great partisan of the nobilit and the opponent of Cinna. 10 Rhodiun Rhodes, an istan nea the coastis Asia Minor. 11 progreditur historical present qI53. ιδ . 13 per pecunia magnas: by a great ransom. What literaltyta 1 CHAP. II. quaestor an officer appotnte as assistant to a consul orpraetor in charge of a province se Introd. I. Dan 6. 2 6 Aedilia an officer a Rome, among Whose uties a the charge of pubIic bulldings and ames ae Introd. I. 5 and 6. 7 Iudoa games mere presente in the circus in great varie , and ostenatareat expense by the officiat to gain the favor of the people See p. xii. 2 8 in aes alienum . . . incidit 'he incurre debl. 24 consul the consul mere the ighest officem a Rome. Wo ere electe each ear See Introd. I. Dan 6. - societatem the allianceano nas the ira Triumvirate se Introd. I. 6. 2 10 Legem . . . tulisset: he had proposed a law. 2 11 rem ad populum rettulit 'he lai the matteriefore theseople. 3 5 HAP. III. primus Romandrum: i. e. he was the firs of the Romanato do thes things. 3 11 conversum: ast participi os converro modiwing quumerum transi. hy a clause, Whoia turneo' Laeto e).3 14 quibuscum for the prepositio cum a encliti se I5o. a. 15 paratas past participi modisying IemonD wnci depend onsaretitas. 3 16 CHAP. IV. Parthda: a warlike eople outheas of the Caspian ea. 3 21 ut . . . peteret 'that he might he a candidate for the consulahi a
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41 ae . . . vella ' that he lineo tot a candidate hue absent.' 44 Rubiconem a mali stream etween Ital an Cisalpine Gavi, thehoundar of Caesar' province. The croasing of this boundar Wit an amywas equivalent to a declarationis War.
4 10 Brundisium a portis Calabria in fouinem Italy Whence hips fassed, and stili sali, to Greece. 5 1 CHAP. V. Epimam Epi rus, a district in norinem Greece. See maP, P. I 67. 5 2 Dyrrachi Dyrrach ium, a town in Illyricum. - - cistae . . . e venirent: intit the forces . . . Ahould arrive ' for the subjv. ood sees I98. III. b.
Were a vere, omnium Wouldi the diri ori saccusative, rici omnes. 7 2 CHAP. VII. annum lue . . . accommotaVit i. e. he made in num-her of days in the calendaraea accord with that in the sola year. Sees 427. a. 7 3 Repetundarum a gen used .ith a vere os convicting 'inose convictedes extortion.' - convictos a past participi agreeing Wit eos undemisod. 7 4 quae . . . minuerent a rel. Clause of oae 3 175 . 5 exercuit 'inforced. 7 7 Dictator a Roman magistrate appotnte in timeat clange and haWing absolute power. When Caesar Mas appotnte dictator in semisuum, that
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Same constructio as fossi ovus 'riusquam I97. fra conrito mith sermone semetonem cranferre, to any on a conversation. 9 5 quo . . . hoc these abis of meaaurem differetice may beat be tran late by the Ennis correlatives A the . . . the ' cf. the deeper the well, thecoloe in mater Vi lit. by hommuch the more infrequent ... hy o muchine more ralaemorthy.
sa cum enim deprehendimet 'dor hen he had selaeo. 9 8 ab eis . . . restiterant: ' hy thos Who ad opposed hi ' for thecase of sibi, se 183.s 1 CHAP. X. caesar . . . atatura: Caesar is sal to have been tali' lit 'of him stature' . The abi. o description, satura, is in the pred of the Sentence, as are also ore, oculis, an capiseri II 6. b) See Introd. I. II.
gerund Whic is almay governe as a noun, but has an active verba forcean so sometimes, hut not generalty has amori'. in the accusatrue. he gerum dive is pass. an amees it ita nou like an adjective. The gerund formCorrespondin to ius aureae ossandae Wout be ius es an a auream, ' theriis of mearing the laures ureain. The gerundive is to e translate in thesam Way though lit it means ' the right of the lauret .reat tot mom. Ioa et inlitari . . . peritissimus see lao. See Introd. I. a. Iora equo: in horsebach. - pedibus ' ondisti Io 5 ut . . . Moeniret a result clauae. Ioa ut Iamn eat 'acit aeemed.
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II 1 CHAP. 1. sauia the whol counir es aut excepting the Roman Province murior Promineia an Cisalpine Gavi Cuerior 6-ineia, οπknown a norther Italyὶ See the ma at the eginning of the ook, and the Introd. II. I. - oninis 'as a Whole. - d Iaa: ast participle sed asan adjective. II 2 unam ac sariem rom paries bove. - incolunt 'inhabit. The WΟm quarum . . . incolunt etc. may e translate freely, 'one of .hic is inhabited by the Belgae etc. - qui the antecedent i ra 'thoae' underato , subj of incolunt. II 3 ipsdrum: ho. to e emphaticis ita position se Composition, Lessona. in theiriwn language.'II 4 1inguli abi. o respectri II 5 inter se 'fromisne another' liti among themaelves'i. II 6 Gallos etc. trace these boundaries o the map. se in mapsin ali cases to locate themames of places an peoples. II 6 dividit the ver is sing. ecause in rivera mahe ne bounda
Provincia, the foutheastern partis Transalpine Gaul. See may and Introd. II. I. This territor Was organige a a province, and was unde the influenc es Roman civiligation. II 0 mercatores tradere, or eddlers. The travete Wit mules, achhorses, and wagonS.II 10 effeminandos gerundive laa4.δὶ Distinguis caretuli frum the
II 11 Germavis dative .ith an adjective of nearnes Rhenum: this natura boundar has alWay been patrioticali marcle by the Germans and has inspire thet well-known soni 'Diemach am Rhein.' II 12 Qua de cauaa: an for his reason ' for the translationisi a si Pronoumbeginning a sentenc See 3443. II 14 eum: .hile.' - auia an ipsi both refer in the Helvetii, eos and eorum to the Germans inor the reflexive suis see 343a. Iari quam . . . dictum eat: whic it has been sal sabove in Gaius occupy. For the indir disc. see Lao4. The diri disc. Wovidae Gavi obtinenιDomo tranat obtinere oblata.
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12 8 ab Sequanis 'on the fide of etc. 12 4 vergit etc. ' lopes to the norin ' the iolanda re long theaouthern houndary, and mos of the riser in that quarte flow in thei main
12 5 Galliae Centra sor Celtic Gaul, the countrycius described, not
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Iad quae . . . pertinerent dependent clause in indir. iac. Lao3 a . There is, in he aure, no ver here that expressirmeans say or think, huthom the main verbis sit emunt one an se that the clauae expresses thethought of the Helvetii, notis Caesar, an for thia re omine Suhorcl. verbis in the in V. Iara quam maximum 'asareat a possitae. I3 6 conficiendaa: completing ' gerundive denotingsu os aasa Iaa in tertium annum . . . confirmant 'fix . . . for the thies War. Fortheriense of eo Immans see 3453. a.
13 12 ut . . . occvaret subat clauae, ori os fremari s 483 . For thepast tenae semine uterior sequence of tenses 3346a, IM).I3 13 quod rei pronou Wit remum for antecedent I37 . - norigi indicis . offenuaris l. IS . Dumnorix ma n ounge brother of Diviciacus l. I in a atron representative of the old aristoCrati clan-spiritamong the Haedui. II Was ambitious for po eri a vigorous leader of theant,Roman factio among his eoPle, an cause Caesar much troutile for
other prominent Romans, and was the conatant men an est o Caesar in his campalms. He represented the popula element that was opposed in theolo clannis aristocracy, of Whic suc me as Ormiorix and Dumnorix merethe leadem. I 16 ut idem confiratur 'to mine the fame attemPt.'I3 17 Perfacile pred missi esse of the sentence of Whic ranaga fer emel in subj. 3 48. I. 33 n. genderiemus the subj is an ins Gnasiis n. pluriaccusative obj of ferscere. - factu se Laa6. b. - una prohat: underio