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s1 1 oppido dative illa praeerat. φ843. - unus ex Ia 'one of thoae'; constructio uaed in place of the part gen i 76, exceptioni. 61 2 ia . . . Dama indit diac dependingimine idea of reporting com
62 4 tantum correlative mith quantum ' a much . . . s. The et adie live quandus is uaeffas a subat in the fame maras the rei pronounsui. In thia sentenc the antecedent cantum is accusative os extent; the et quanaum iacte dir ori es ore μα- μα ua: in front. - Ioci part gen missi quam rem, hut more convenientinua lateo viri sanaum, ove a muchamu .
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62 5 ex utraqua Paris 'on'ac fide 62 6 dia tua: accusative plur modifieo by auris Matera alopes' liti
siopes of the fide in fronto etc. fallin Wit an eas siope in frontii. e. to the westin, an genti to the lain. See batile plan, p. m. 62 7 transveream fossam 'an intrenchment a right angies, i. e. to the
with the accompanyincillustrations and thos o pp. Ο an Izo. 62 10 quod ... poterant a parenthetica clause of explanation and henceno attracte to the su v. Transi. 'becauae the were a stronii numbers.' 62 14 osset: 'is the were neecle anywhere' a fui more Prohatile Condition 3499. II a attracte into the subju by the influence of ut . . . fossent
introducing a condition, and si, whether, introducing an indir question. 62 19 ut . . . adgrederentur a purpos claus depending ponsarias etc. 62 21 contendebatur impers. Tranat 'a cavalry engamment Wa going n.'
62 27 oo constito: wit this intent. - ut . . . Mugnarent. . . intersci derent. . . P clarantur . . . Prohiberent subst clause of Purpose in apposition with eo ransitio LI83, thiro example).-Si possent . . . L. . . Potuissent: represent respectivel the fui an fui peri incl. of the diri form. For thechange to the subju se 9 298. b.
63 2 ad boIIum gerendum is this gerundi gerundive hyὰ Seea 223. eano note, and 9 224. b. 63 5 CHAP. 10 levis armaturao: seea 77, and therili. P. 63. 63 6 traducit mith two accusatives q953. 63 9 conantea: it meiaquM. 63 10 equitatu considere a means, and thereior no reposition. circumventos interfecῆrunt 'surrounde an hilleo' qaao. e . 63 13 spem . . . fefellisse 'that thei expectations had falled ' liti stathope had cheate them . 63 14 pugnandi causa a gerund construction expressing pu oses 223.b 64 1 ipabs i. e. the Belgae. 64 2 constituerunt etc. A the decide that it was est for ach one oreturn to his own home, and that the ahould Maemiae immissi fides ο
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The two objecta os constim uni are I the ins clauae stimum esse omiam suam quemque merii of hic reverticis in auri an optimum esse theprecl. , and a the Subst. Purpos Clause sui . . . conveniremt. The omissionos, is a reversion to an earlier formis exprsession For in casei domum
64 4 introduxissent pastueri subjv. attracte from the fui pers ind. hyaeing made par of the purpos clauserius . . . convenirent i 2I43. 64 10 quod . . . cogn erant: ind. hecause Caesar gives the reason onhis own authorit s*488 a . The clauseris in apposition it Aae ratio. 64 13 Ia persuaderi . . . non Poterat: hes could notine persuadeo' ilit 'it could not be persuade to these', Veres that tali the dative in the
active are impers in the pass. the dative ein retaine s*83. a . - ut . . . morarentur neque . . . ferrent subSt. Clauses of pu ose, grammatica subjs.
of solemat LI 833. Caesar has manifesti succeede in his planis separatingine forces of the Belgae. 64 16 CHAP. 11. ecunda vigilia approximatelydrom to I P. M. 64 17 strepitu . . . tumultu abis of manne s*IIoi. 64 1 ordino . . . imperid abis of attendant circumstance qII 23. 64 2 cum . . . Peteret . . . Properaret descriptive tempora clauae e pressing cause I95 . 64 22 ut . . . Videretur subst clause of rescit, M. of iecerunt qI87. I, firs example 'ine made thei departur seem like a roui.'64 23 per se I Io4. note. - apeculatores 'spies. The obtaine informationi mingling in disguise With the enemy while thes scouis, exsura ores, mere quadami cavair Who range the country in the vicinit of the army. 64 24 veritua: fearing. - discederent indir question ogo I) 64 25 castris: in camp' lit. 'hy camp, the Romana regarding the relation a means ather than a place qIOQ. 64 26 ab e Idralaribus: abi. o agent DIO4 . Compare this ConStructio With fer speculatores i. 23, Where Caesar gave the seculatores directions, and used them as a means to an eoo,' heno the preposition Hs Io . note here the exsuratores are voluntar agenis,' hence a Wit in abl. - qui . . . moraretur a rel. Clause of pumose s i 75ὶ
65 2 eum: cf. notem P. 64, l. o. 65 3 ab extrem agmine 'in the reari' - quos the antecedent is ei understood, subj. os consisserent an sustinerens. 65 4 ridrea: sc es, and thos that were in the an. - quod . . . id rentur ... continerentur the verba re in the subju by attractio si a I4 .
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65 Malal dative os reference s 85 . 65 10 tantam . . . quantum fuit die spatium 'hilled a great a number
65 19 magn6 itinere se Introd. III. II, and therili. P. 45. 65 20 ex itinere: i. e. as Oon asine arrived Without estin is constructine usual moin preliminarnio torming.
65 22 eme suppiniae o Mum for subjeci. 65 23 paucis defendentibus: abi abs denotri concession 3II7. ;
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67 1 CHAP. 15. horaria reiciaci . . . mali: out es respectrior Diviciacus' lae for the salie of the honorii Diviciacus' .s 2 recepturum ac rasa. The omission os esse is Ver common.
67 1 qui . . . dediderint . . . proiecerint 'ior having surrendered etc. adescriptis causal clauae giving the reason io incuruan an inissan Im . 67 17 CHAP. 16. Grum: i. e. of the Nervii triduum ' marched forthree dva'; accusative o durationis timeri 963. 67 18 non m uua nulla mutaria accusative os extent of apace andria nota oleo hy, Iius; i. p. 61 l. , and aeea Ios note a. 67 22 uti. . . experirentur a substi clause of pumose s 483 . 67 24 quiquo equata qui plus que, and thos Who. The antecedent os qui is eos underatood, the ori os coniecisse. 67 254M rel. adv. equivalent to in quem referring to Deum. 67 26 o et this out be in the auriv. ala in the dir disc., ein adescriptive rei clauseri 177ὶ 63 2 CHAP. 17. Q . . . deligant a rei claus os pumoae 3 17s . s.
i inerisMerum exercitias nostrionsuestiae ne is modified by grou I and the whole phraae is modifie is Moumari lit. the custom of the march of Our arm of those days having been observeo. Deel 'aster the had observe the sua orde of march of uram cluring thos clays.' 63 6 inter singula lagiones: heliseen the severa legiona. For theusual orcle of the line os marchisee Inuod III. II. 63 8 negoti part gen depending on quicquam. f. P. 67 l. O. - cum . . . Venisset. . . ahe stent subjus in indu disci, representin the futi perfandri . ind. respectivel of the clis.
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M 10 hanc. . . qu1 hoth refer to frima Ie M. - sarcinia se Introd. IIL9 d, and the illustrations, p. 45 and 8. M 11 ut . . . sin auderent subat clause of result, subj offuturum esse s 187. ΙΙὶ lit 'it,ould comeriosas that the would not clare. 63 12 Adiuvlibat the subj is the subst clause of fac inod Nervii . . emermn s 48a, firs example), and the obj is ransitaum. 63 18 Noo etc. this sentenceris a good example of the Latin seriodicstructure,' in hich, hy holding the eadin ver in abeonce, the thoughtis hept in suspense unti the perio is completed Nervis, in subject in thenominative case, indicates that inose eopte are the ore os an ac that re- mains nexpresse unti the reade has been informe of the circumstances attending the acti Holding the subj. Nervii in mind, heranos firet inen theact was performed antainitus); then Amit Was done cum . . . possenιὶ nexi fori a sum e stud facilius . . . ,eaeirent, then F -as means funeris aisorihus . . . inseriectis lastly ali is loche together into a complete .holeis the ac isses se cerunt ut . . . miserent . - nihil oment: ha no
63 16 venissent attracte into in subju hom the futi per . iud hecauseo ita position in the purpos clauseri 2I4 . 63 17 in latitudinem i. e. When the re mas hent ver, hoota Prangout o ali sides an madeo hic mas of amat branches. Among these .ere plante brier and thorns races of suc hedges still existis 18 ut . . . praeberent an obj clause of resul depending on e cemiants 487.Iὶ - instar an indeclinable noun, regulari folio ed by the genitive. Transl. Mike a mali' lit 'ine mage of a Wall' .
huic et contrarius 'opposite this and faciniit. Se maP, P. 7r.es 1 Passua . . . apertus ' ope at he has for bout two hundred Paces' lar fassus see 396. Infimus see Ias. - auperiore Partar'along the uppe portion
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M 2 lissatris an adjective modisying ouis. - ut non . . . o Set aneg. clause of result. What Would ne fossis express tora in aperi loco the ope apace of two hundre paces mentioned
Peditas se Introd. III. II. 70 2 conlocarat contracted fromi conlocaverat.
70 3 proxime conscriptae 'mos recenti levied. These ere legiona XII and XIV see p. 57 l. I an note ,..hic Mere not et sufficiently tmine to bear the runt of the fight.
0 7 reciperent. . . facerent: hept retiring etc. the continuous action, indicated by the pastriense, is emphasised by identidem. 70 8 neque . . . auderent: an ou me dare no follow them further than to the line to hic the ope space extended.' - quem ad finem transistellas ii it mere ad finem id quem. 704 cedentes agrees,ith eos the obj. underatoo of insequi. The mi Bion of the pronou in cases like this is the rule. 70 10 opero dimenad se Introd. III. Io, and thesili. P. 52. 70 13 quod tempus . . . con finerat 'the time that a been agroedupon illi. Which time had' etc. . eminus is in apposition it in clauae ubi . . . visa sunt. An antecedent in apposition it somethin precedin is alWays place in the et clause.
70 15 atquc ita ut ipsi ea confirmaverant: ' and jus a the had
at headquarter in ahow that a batile was impending See Introd. III. 7. 70 23 Prisonendum: sc rem so it the severat periphrastic that folio the prope formis sum musti supplied. 70 24 tuba the signa toria e thei places in the ranks ae Introd. III. 8.-a opero: i. e. the work of sortification. 70 25 qae the antecedent en is in subj understood os amnessenaei serunt . - aggeria 'materiat for a mound.
N 26 almum dandum the last signat for immediate action 3 224. M. 72 1 linevitatibus . . . subsidi6 se 89, and cf. p. 6I ll. 6 and 7.
acientia . . . theoretica knowledge and experience. The worda am
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in parti apposition it -- es, and nam oni therars of the wo helpfulcircumstances the secon is state in the clause quod . . . vetuerat helow.72 2 quia . . . oporteret indir question, ori os uescribere. 72 4 quod . . . vetuerat 'the fac that he had orbiclde the severia Ileutenanis to leave the wor and their severa legions. 72 7 nihil iam 'no longer' ni uis adverbial accusative 3993.-Per Se: on their own responsibility. - qua VHεbantur: .ha seemed est. The antecedent of aeris ea understood, the ori os administrabant. The batile it in Nervii, ne of the mos critica episodes in Caesar scareer, is referre to by Lonoello. in The Courishi osmiles Standish, in the followinclines:
72 10 CHAP. 21. quam in partem equivalent to in cum famem in quam cli4 3.72 11 decimam : his a Caesar's favorite legion Cf. P. 45,ll. IAE. 72 12 ut . . . Minerent . . . PerturbMentur . . . Su tinFrent: obj. clause of pu ose, expressing indirecti the command ove in his adclxessi stratione cohorsatus . 72 14 quam qu6 introducingis et clause of description transi 'inanthe distance to which slit 'than whither' . 72 16 pugnantibus ac suis o multibus dative mith oceustis 184 . 72 18 ut . . . tempus defuerit a clause of result. Observe that in suChclauses there is usuali some antecedent moro meaning so, 'such, 'sogreat, 'to Auchis egree, etc., on hic the result clause depends themores here are sania an sam II 79. note . - ad Insignia Meommodancta: see qaas. a 'for fiuin o the decorations ' of the helmeis etc. . Me Intro ΙΙΙ. . b. and the ili. P. 74. 7219 scutis dative s 863 See Introd. III. . b. 72 20 quam . . . constitit: 'into hateve place hance ook him, anclinateve standares he a first there each too his stand. So ell,ere thesoldier drille that each could ficti mellisve amon troops notini o n. 72 23 CHAP. 22 magia ut ... quam ut rei mIIitfiria ratio atque Medio tutabat: 'iather as . . . demande than a me theor an practice of fare id.
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73 3 neque quid . . . Provideri poterat nesther could the necessitiem liti' at Was necessa ' in eac Partae foreaeen. - quia . . . emet ae LaoI. 73 6 eventu varii a j of sequebantur modifiex friunae. 73 7 CHAP. 23. In his hapte three et of enc umera, Occurrin atvracticatly the me time, are describe in orclen a that of the Atrebates With the ninin and tent legiona, a that of the Viromandui With the eighthand eleventh, and 3 that of the Nervii missi in sevent and welfin Sindycarefuit therio e batile plan, p. 7 I. - ut . . . Gnatiterant 'from heir Position etc. si 'as the had ahen thei position ' . 34 acie a genitive form. - PIIIa mimia se Introd. III. 9 and Ia. 34 hia: i. e. the Atrebates dative it obvenem ι 184 . 73 11 conantea ac Ms 3467 . ori os iniecus 'mhile the were Uing
74 8 Paema ac esse auri quos. diaeram ' have salo, P. 7 l. I7. Wheninis is read the writiniis past hence in Past Peri for an earlier page. 74 10 decumana porta ae Introd. III. I and the ili. P. XXV. 74 13 praecipites adjective agreeing mith Mones, but With in force of an adv. 'ielbmell, 'in ulter Confusion s Ia6, Concerning αIovis see Introd. III 5. 74 14 qui etc. this refers to the aggam trian hic Was coming PMith legiona XIII and XIV a rear guam ae p. 7o, A. I . - cimor theahouis of the men fremirus, the confuse nois of the train.
74 15 oriebatur: ing. ecause of the ingle idea conveyed by clamo fremitusque s 68 . 74 16 quorum . . . virtuti opini6 ' Whos reputatio for valor stiti opinion os valor' ori gen .Hos
75 1 compieri . . . Prem . . . tentri . . . fugere indir diac after indisserit These present tenses represent ha the Samgoing on.
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τω pulso superatosquo . . . Potuba: C. esse. 75 7 CHAP. 25. Caesar subj offrocessit l. 27 . his is another instance of the periodi sentence Aee note oris. 68, l. 13. In translating such long semiences it is destristerio mahe severat Ahor ones, each complete in iiself. his example illustrates melliso much more freely the absolute constructio is used in Latin han in English. rute, it is mel to volo transferriniit literati into English, as 'the standaro bearer avin been illed' etc.
HOWeVer, a Parin us is permissible.
754 ubi construe it viri I93 . - signis se the illustrations,PP 73 and 75. 75 11 ibi . . . impedimonid: hindere one another in fighting s 893.75 17 primipilo in partia apposition it censurianibus. For the officeae Introd: III. 6. e. Baculus as ne of Caesar's best Centurions.
76 2 etiam . . . rebus ' even in his own extreme peril. 76 6 CHAP. 26. constiterat: hom Mnsisto had ahen iis position.
76 6 monuit mith two accusatives, tribuαδε and the Subst. ClauS ui . . . coniunmerent. . . inferrent fg 93, 83 , hic representa ne accusative.
76 7 conversa etc. ' shoul face about and charge the enem si opposite directions ' siit 'bea turne standares against 3.76 8 alius alii etc. 'on was helping another' seed 44. E. I. 76 11 legionum duarum: i. e. ΙΙΙ and XIV. See batile plan. 76 13 coue i. e. the sit of the Roma CamP. 76 14 Labienus: he with legion IX and X had been pursuing the Aredibates se therars lines of chapter a and the harile Plan. 76 16 qui: i. e. the oldier o legio X. How shouldius cum e tranS-
76 17 qu . . . esset quant6quo . . . Veragretur indir question after cornovissens ' in hat conditio matters stoost' etc.
76 1 nihil . . . fecεrunt 'de' nothin undone in the way of speed ' liti made nothingis remainder' reliquiis a Pari geri. g76. 3.76 21 CHAP. 27 qui the antecedent is understood, in partial apposition th nostri. - Procubuisaent sena 177.