뜻

1. 싸움, 투쟁, 전투, 노력

1. striving, strife, combat

예문

• Humanitatis optima est certatio. (Publilius Syrus, Sententiae, 2 2:25)

  (푸블릴리우스 시루스, 격언집, 2:25)

• Cum essent autem homines imitabili docilique natura, cotidie inventionibus gloriantes alius alii ostendebant aedificiorum effectus, et ita exercentes ingenia certationibus in dies melioribus iudiciis efficiebantur. (Vitruvius Pollio, De Architectura, LIBER SECUNDUS, chapter 1 2:7)

  (비트루비우스 폴리오, 건축술에 관하여, , 1장 2:7)

• non minus item pictores, uti Aristomenes Thasius, Polycles et Androcydes ni, Theo Magnes ceterique, quos neque industria neque artis studium neque sollertia defecit, sed aut rei familiaris exiguitas aut inbecillitas fortunae seu in ambitione certationis contrariorum superatio obstitit eorum dignitati. (Vitruvius Pollio, De Architectura, LIBER TERTIUS, chapter preface 1:9)

  (비트루비우스 폴리오, 건축술에 관하여, , 머리말 1:9)

• Primo poetarum ordine ad certationem inducto cum recitarentur scripta, populus cunctus significando monebat iudices, quod probarent. (Vitruvius Pollio, De Architectura, LIBER SEPTIMUS, chapter preface 1:14)

  (비트루비우스 폴리오, 건축술에 관하여, , 머리말 1:14)

• Erit autem id longe optimum, ut qui in lectitando, percontando, scribendo, commentando, numquam voluptates, numquam labores ceperunt, nullas hoc genus vigilias vigilarunt neque ullis inter eiusdem Musae aemulos certationibus disceptationibusque elimati sunt, sed intemperiarum negotiorumque pleni sunt, abeant a Noctibus his procul, atque alia sibi oblectamenta quaerant. (Aulus Gellius, Attic Nights, Praefatio, chapter 1 19:1)

  (아울루스 겔리우스, 아테네의 밤, 머리말, 1장 19:1)

유의어 사전

1. Imitari means merely the effort to produce something like some other thing, without any accessory moral notion; æmulari (from αἴσιμος) means, at the same time, to do something which shall gain equal or superior consideration, honor, and approbation, when compared with the thing imitated. Imitatio has in view only the thing itself, and is generally moderate and laudable; æmulatio has in view chiefly the person, who is already in possession of the quality worthy of imitation, and always seems more or less a passion, which deserves praise or blame, according as it has its foundation in the lover of honor, or in immoderate ambition. Plin. Ep. vii. 30. Demosthenis orationem habui in manibus, non ut æmularer (improbum enim ac pæne furiosum) at tamen imitarer ac sequerer tantum. Comp. i. 2, 2. viii. 5, 13. Quintil. i. 2, 26. Cic. Tusc. iv. 8, 17. 2. The æmulus is at first behind his opponent, and strives for a time only to come up to him, and be like him; whereas the certator and concertator are already on a par with their opponent, and strive to outdo him, and conquer him. 3. Æmulatio contends for superiority in any art; rivalitas, only for preference in estimation. Cic. Tusc. iv. 26, 56. Illa vitiosa æmulatione, quæ rivalitati similis est, quid habet utilitatis? 4. Imitatio is an effort to become something which a man at present is not, but fain would be, and really can become; whereas simulatio, an effort to pass for something which a man properly and naturally is not, nor ever can be. Imitatio is the means of attaining to an actual or presumptive ideal; whereas simulatio remains for ever a mere counterfeit. (iii. 64.)

출처: Döderlein's Hand-book of Latin Synonymes by Ludwig von Doederlein