뜻

1. 싸움, 투쟁, 전투, 노력

1. striving, strife, combat

예문

• Primo poetarum ordine ad certationem inducto cum recitarentur scripta, populus cunctus significando monebat iudices, quod probarent. (Vitruvius Pollio, De Architectura, LIBER SEPTIMUS, chapter preface 1:14)

  (비트루비우스 폴리오, 건축술에 관하여, , 머리말 1:14)

• quam quidem certationem homo et acutus et diligens, Chrysippus, non contemnit totumque discrimen summi boni in earum comparatione positum putat. (M. Tullius Cicero, de Finibus Bonorum et Malorum, LIBER SECUNDUS 57:4)

  (마르쿠스 툴리우스 키케로, 최선과 최악에 관하여, 57:4)

• an vero id quod Hortensium, quia nuper iniecit et quia Naevius semper id clamitat, dicturum arbitror, non fuisse Naevio parem certationem cum Alfeno illo tempore, illis dominantibus? (M. Tullius Cicero, pro P. Quinctio Oratio, chapter 21 3:3)

  (마르쿠스 툴리우스 키케로, 큉크티우스 변호문, 21장 3:3)

• Nunquam vidi iniquius Certationem comparatam quam haec hodie inter nos fuit: (P. Terentius Afer, Adelphi, act 2, scene 2 2:9)

  (푸블리우스 테렌티우스 아페르, 아델포이, , 2:9)

• Utinam aetas nostra memoretur ob novam vitae reverentiam excitatam, ob firmitatem tolerationis assequendam, ob certationem usque velociorem pro iustitia et pace, obque hilarem vitae celebrationem”. (Papa, Franciscus, Litterae Encyclicae, Laudato si'. De communi domo colenda 265:5)

  (교황, 프란치스코, 회칙, 찬미받으소서 265:5)

유의어 사전

1. Imitari means merely the effort to produce something like some other thing, without any accessory moral notion; æmulari (from αἴσιμος) means, at the same time, to do something which shall gain equal or superior consideration, honor, and approbation, when compared with the thing imitated. Imitatio has in view only the thing itself, and is generally moderate and laudable; æmulatio has in view chiefly the person, who is already in possession of the quality worthy of imitation, and always seems more or less a passion, which deserves praise or blame, according as it has its foundation in the lover of honor, or in immoderate ambition. Plin. Ep. vii. 30. Demosthenis orationem habui in manibus, non ut æmularer (improbum enim ac pæne furiosum) at tamen imitarer ac sequerer tantum. Comp. i. 2, 2. viii. 5, 13. Quintil. i. 2, 26. Cic. Tusc. iv. 8, 17. 2. The æmulus is at first behind his opponent, and strives for a time only to come up to him, and be like him; whereas the certator and concertator are already on a par with their opponent, and strive to outdo him, and conquer him. 3. Æmulatio contends for superiority in any art; rivalitas, only for preference in estimation. Cic. Tusc. iv. 26, 56. Illa vitiosa æmulatione, quæ rivalitati similis est, quid habet utilitatis? 4. Imitatio is an effort to become something which a man at present is not, but fain would be, and really can become; whereas simulatio, an effort to pass for something which a man properly and naturally is not, nor ever can be. Imitatio is the means of attaining to an actual or presumptive ideal; whereas simulatio remains for ever a mere counterfeit. (iii. 64.)

출처: Döderlein's Hand-book of Latin Synonymes by Ludwig von Doederlein