뜻

1. 싸움, 투쟁, 전투, 노력

1. striving, strife, combat

예문

• Humanitatis optima est certatio. (Publilius Syrus, Sententiae, 2 2:25)

  (푸블릴리우스 시루스, 격언집, 2:25)

• quam ob rem hos quidem ab hoc sermone removeamus, ipsi autem intellegamus natura gigni sensum diligendi et benevolentiae caritatem facta significatione probitatis, quam qui appetiverunt, applicant sese et propius admovent, ut et usu eius, quem diligere coeperunt, fruantur et moribus, sintque pares in amore et aequales propensioresque ad bene merendum quam ad reposcendum, atque haec inter eos sit honesta certatio. (M. Tullius Cicero, Laelius de Amicitia 41:4)

  (마르쿠스 툴리우스 키케로, 41:4)

• ita ceterorum sententiis semotis relinquitur non mihi cum Torquato, sed virtuti cum voluptate certatio. (M. Tullius Cicero, de Finibus Bonorum et Malorum, LIBER SECUNDUS 57:3)

  (마르쿠스 툴리우스 키케로, 최선과 최악에 관하여, 57:3)

• magna inest certatio. (M. Tullius Cicero, De Natura Deorum, LIBER TERTIUS 65:12)

  (마르쿠스 툴리우스 키케로, 신의 본질에 관하여, 65:12)

• haec est iniqua certatio, non illa qua tu contra Alfenum equitabas; (M. Tullius Cicero, pro P. Quinctio Oratio, chapter 22 3:1)

  (마르쿠스 툴리우스 키케로, 큉크티우스 변호문, 22장 3:1)

유의어 사전

1. Imitari means merely the effort to produce something like some other thing, without any accessory moral notion; æmulari (from αἴσιμος) means, at the same time, to do something which shall gain equal or superior consideration, honor, and approbation, when compared with the thing imitated. Imitatio has in view only the thing itself, and is generally moderate and laudable; æmulatio has in view chiefly the person, who is already in possession of the quality worthy of imitation, and always seems more or less a passion, which deserves praise or blame, according as it has its foundation in the lover of honor, or in immoderate ambition. Plin. Ep. vii. 30. Demosthenis orationem habui in manibus, non ut æmularer (improbum enim ac pæne furiosum) at tamen imitarer ac sequerer tantum. Comp. i. 2, 2. viii. 5, 13. Quintil. i. 2, 26. Cic. Tusc. iv. 8, 17. 2. The æmulus is at first behind his opponent, and strives for a time only to come up to him, and be like him; whereas the certator and concertator are already on a par with their opponent, and strive to outdo him, and conquer him. 3. Æmulatio contends for superiority in any art; rivalitas, only for preference in estimation. Cic. Tusc. iv. 26, 56. Illa vitiosa æmulatione, quæ rivalitati similis est, quid habet utilitatis? 4. Imitatio is an effort to become something which a man at present is not, but fain would be, and really can become; whereas simulatio, an effort to pass for something which a man properly and naturally is not, nor ever can be. Imitatio is the means of attaining to an actual or presumptive ideal; whereas simulatio remains for ever a mere counterfeit. (iii. 64.)

출처: Döderlein's Hand-book of Latin Synonymes by Ludwig von Doederlein