뜻

1. 엄격한, 심각한, 진지한, 중대한

1. severe, serious, grave in demeanor

예문

• imperia severiora nulla esse putant sine aliqua acerbitate iracundiae; (M. Tullius Cicero, Tusculanae Disputationes, book 4 43:6)

  (마르쿠스 툴리우스 키케로, 투스쿨라눔의 대화, 4권 43:6)

• quod cum sit factum iis quoque temporibus, quibus omnis ad utilitatem potius quam ad ostentationem componebatur oratio, et erant adhuc severiora iudicia, quanto nunc faciendum magis, cum in ipsa capitis aut fortunarum pericula inrupit voluptas? (Quintilian, Institutio Oratoria, Liber IV 211:1)

  (퀸틸리아누스, 변론 가정 교육, 211:1)

• quod accidit mihi, dum corruptum et omnibus vitiis fractum dicendi genus revocare ad severiora iudicia contendo. (Quintilian, Institutio Oratoria, Liber X 126:2)

  (퀸틸리아누스, 변론 가정 교육, 126:2)

• nam et archipiratae idem finis est qui et qui μηδε` τοξεύηͺ sed priora sunt severiora. (Quintilian, Institutio Oratoria, Liber IX 321:1)

  (퀸틸리아누스, 변론 가정 교육, 321:1)

• barbam longissimam habēbat vultumque sevērissimum. (Oxford Latin Course II, Acadēmīa 29:13)

  (옥스포드 라틴 코스 2권, 29:13)

유의어 사전

1. Austerus (αὐστηρός, from αὔω) denotes gravity as an intellectual, severus (αὐηρός) as a moral quality. The austerus in opp. to jucundus, Plin. H. N. xxxiv. 8. xxxv. 11, is an enemy to jocularity and frivolity, and seeks in science, learning, and social intercourse, always that which is serious and real, at the risk of passing for dull; the severus, in opp. to luxuriosus, Quintil. xi. 3, 74, is rigid, hates all dissoluteness and laxity of principle, and exacts from himself and others self-control and energy of character, at the risk of passing for harsh. The stoic, as a philosopher, is austerus, as a man, severus. 2. Austerus and severus involve no blame; whereas difficilis, morosus, and tetricus, denote an excess or degeneracy of rigor. The difficilis understands not the art of easy and agreeable converse, from hypochondria and temperament; the morosus (from mos) is scrupulous, and wishes everything to be done according to rule, from scrupulosity and want of tolerance; the tetricus (redupl. of trux, τραχύς) is stiff and constrained, from pedantry and want of temper. (iii. 232.)

Severus (αὐηρός) means, actively, one who cuts no jokes; serius, in a neutral sense, what is no subject for joking; and severe means earnestly; serio, in earnest; whence severus is an epithet for persons, serius for things; Hor. A. P. 105. Decent vultum severum seria dictu. Senec. Tranq. 15. Nihil magnum, nihil severum nec serium quidem ex tanto apparatu putat. Severus is in opp. to hilaris, Cic. Brut. 93, remissus, Orat. ii. 17, luxuriosus, Quintil. xi. 3, 74; whereas serius is in opp. to jucundus, jocosus; and serio to joco, per jocum. Yet severus also supplies the place of serius; particularly in severior, severissimus, and severitas, because serius does not possess these forms. (i. 75.)

출처: Döderlein's Hand-book of Latin Synonymes by Ludwig von Doederlein