뜻

1. 두려워하다, 겁내다, 무서워하다

1. I fear, am afraid

예문

• Homo sapiens in omnibus metuet et in diebus delictorum cavebit a malitia. (Biblia Sacra Vulgata, Liber Ecclesiasticus, 18 18:27)

  지혜로운 사람은 모든 면에서 용의주도하다. 죄악의 날들에도 그는 악행을 조심하리라. (불가타 성경, 집회서, 18장 18:27)

• nam qui cupiet, metuet quoque, porro qui metuens uiuet, liber mihi non erit umquam. (EPISTVLARVM LIBER PRIMVS, XVI 16:42)

  (호라티우스의 첫번째 편지, 16 16:42)

• Sed si pepugero, metuet. (Aulus Gellius, Attic Nights, A. Gellii Noctium Atticarum Liber Sextus, IX 11:1)

  (아울루스 겔리우스, 아테네의 밤, , 11:1)

• I nunc et iuvenis specie laetare tui, quem maiora expectant discrimina, fiet adulter publicus et poenas metuet quascumque maritis lex irae debet, nec erit felicior astro Martis, ut in laqueos numquam incidat, exigit autem interdum ille dolor plus quam lex ulla dolori concessit: (Juvenal, Satires, book 4, Satura X 1:126)

  (유베날리스, 풍자, 4권, 1:126)

• Loquetur nutibus et, quidquid metuet dicere, significabit affectibus. (Jerome, Saint, Epistulae. Selections., An Matrem et Filiam In Gallia Commorantes 6:13)

  (히에로니무스, 편지들, 6:13)

유의어 사전

1. Vereri (ὁρᾶν?) like αἰδεῖσθαι, has its foundation in what is strikingly venerable; metuere and timere, like δεῖσαι; and φοβεῖσθαι, in the threatening danger of an object. The timens and metuens fear the danger; the verens, the disgrace and shame. Cic. Phil. xii. 12. Quid? veteranos non veremur? nam timeri ne ipsi quidem volunt. Sen. 11, 37. Metuebant eum servi, verebantur liberi, carum omnes habebant. Liv. xxxix. 37. Veremur quidem vos Romani et si ita vultis etiam timemus. Afran. ap. Gell. xv. 13. Ubi malunt metui, quam vereri se ab suis. Senec. Ir. iii. 32. Quibusdam timeamus irasci, quibusdam vereamur. 2. Metus (ματᾶν) is fear, only as the anticipation of an impending evil, and reflection upon it, the apprehension that proceeds from foresight and prudence, like δέος, synonymously with cautio; whereas timor (from τρέμω), the fear that proceeds from cowardice and weakness. Or, metus is an intellectual notion; fear, as from reflection, in opp. to spes; for instances, see Cic. Verr. ii. 54. Off. ii. 6. Liv. xxx. 9. Suet. Aug. 25. Tac. H. i. 18. Ann. ii. 12, 38. Sen. Ep. 5. Suet. Aug. 5. Cels. ii. 6. Curt. viii. 6:—whereas timor is a moral notion, fear as a feeling, in opp. to fiducia, animus. Cic. Divin. ii. 31. Att. v. 20. Rull. i. 8. Sallust. Jug. ii. 3. Tac. Hist. ii. 80. Plin. Ep. v. 17. 3. In the like manner are spes, hope, and fiducia, confidence, distinguished. Sen. Ep. 16. Jam de te spem habeo, nondum fiduciam. Tac. Agr. 2. Nec spem modo ac votum securitas publica, sed ipsius voti fiduciam ac robur assumpserit. Suet. Cl. 10. Aliquanto minore spe quam fiducia. Liv. x. 25. Curt. ix. 4, 25. 4. Timor denotes fear, as a temporary state; timiditas, fearfulness, as an habitual quality, which is connected with ignavia, as a more precise expression for the more general feeling. Lactant. iii. 17. Epicurus . . . ignavum prohibet accedere ad rem publicam, pigrum exercere, timidum militare. Ignavia is inaptitude for any noble action, and particularly for deeds of valor; timiditas is, under certain circumstances, excusable; ignavia is absolutely blamable. 5. Metus and timor have their foundation in reflection, whereby a person is made clearly aware of the object and ground of his apprehension; whereas horror and formido is an immediate feeling, which overpowers the understanding by the dreadful image of the nearness of some horrid object, and can give no account of the ground of its fear; formido (fremere) expresses this state immediately as a state of mind, like ὀῤῥωδία; whereas horror (χέρσος) as the bodily expression of this state, by the hair standing on end, the eyes wildly staring, etc., like φρίκη. Tac. H. iv. 45. Metus per omnes ac præcipua Germanici militis formido. (ii. 190.)

출처: Döderlein's Hand-book of Latin Synonymes by Ludwig von Doederlein