뜻

1. 어려운, 곤란한, 말썽부리는
2. 완고한, 고집센

1. difficult, troublesome
2. (of character) obstinate, intractable, hard to please or manage

예문

• Quemadmodum vero minores rotae duriores et difficiliores habent motus, sic phalangae et iuga, in quibus partibus habent minora a centro ad capita intervalla, premunt duriter colla, qua autem longiora habent ab eodem centro spatia, levant oneribus et trahentes et ferentes. (Vitruvius Pollio, De Architectura, LIBER DECIMUS, chapter 3 4:26)

  (비트루비우스 폴리오, 건축술에 관하여, , 3장 4:26)

• Illa te diu portavit, diu aluit et difficiliores infantiae mores blanda pietate sustinuit. (Jerome, Saint, Epistulae. Selections., An Matrem et Filiam In Gallia Commorantes 4:4)

  (히에로니무스, 편지들, 4:4)

• sed, si tardius fit quam volumus, magnis occupationibus eius, a quo omnia petuntur, aditus ad eum difficiliores fuerunt, et simul Africanae causae iratior diutius velle videtur eos habere sollicitos, a quibus se putat diuturnioribus esse molestiis conflictatum. (M. Tullius Cicero, Epistulae ad Familiares, LIBER SEXTVS: AD A. TORQVATVM ET CETEROS, letter 13 3:1)

  (마르쿠스 툴리우스 키케로, 친구들에게 보낸 편지들, , 3:1)

• illud praeterea, si non alienum tua dignitate putabis a esse, feceris mihi pergratum, si qui difficiliores erunt, ut rem sine controversia confici nolint, si eos, quoniam cum senatore res est, Romam reieceris. (M. Tullius Cicero, Epistulae ad Familiares, LIBER TERTIVS DECIMVS: AD C. MEMMIVM ET CETEROS, letter 26 3:1)

  (마르쿠스 툴리우스 키케로, 친구들에게 보낸 편지들, , 3:1)

• qui primum renuntient sibi, quanta sit humani ingenii vis, quam potens efficiendi quae velit, cum maria transire, cursus numerosque cognoscere, mundum ipsum paene dimetiri, minores, sed difficiliores artes potuerint. (Quintilian, Institutio Oratoria, Liber XII 257:1)

  (퀸틸리아누스, 변론 가정 교육, 257:1)

유의어 사전

Arduus (from ὀρθός) means difficult to ascend, in opp. to pronus; on the other hand, difficilis means difficult to execute, in opp. to facilis. Arduus involves a stronger notion of difficulty, and denotes the difficult when it borders on the impossible. Plin. Ep. iv. 17. Est enim res difficilis ardua. Tac. Hist. ii. 76. Æstimare debent, an quod inchoatur, reipublicæ utile, ipsis gloriosum, aut promptum effectu, aut certe non arduum sit. Cic. Verr. i. 51. Cum sibi omnes ad illum allegationes difficiles, omnes aditos arduos, ac pæne interclusos, viderent. (ii. 105.)

1. Austerus (αὐστηρός, from αὔω) denotes gravity as an intellectual, severus (αὐηρός) as a moral quality. The austerus in opp. to jucundus, Plin. H. N. xxxiv. 8. xxxv. 11, is an enemy to jocularity and frivolity, and seeks in science, learning, and social intercourse, always that which is serious and real, at the risk of passing for dull; the severus, in opp. to luxuriosus, Quintil. xi. 3, 74, is rigid, hates all dissoluteness and laxity of principle, and exacts from himself and others self-control and energy of character, at the risk of passing for harsh. The stoic, as a philosopher, is austerus, as a man, severus. 2. Austerus and severus involve no blame; whereas difficilis, morosus, and tetricus, denote an excess or degeneracy of rigor. The difficilis understands not the art of easy and agreeable converse, from hypochondria and temperament; the morosus (from mos) is scrupulous, and wishes everything to be done according to rule, from scrupulosity and want of tolerance; the tetricus (redupl. of trux, τραχύς) is stiff and constrained, from pedantry and want of temper. (iii. 232.)

출처: Döderlein's Hand-book of Latin Synonymes by Ludwig von Doederlein