뜻

1. 원한, 악의, 앙심, 선망
2. 비열함, 인색, 인색함, 비천함

1. spite, malice, malignity
2. stinginess, niggardliness, meanness

예문

• Contra illos stabit spiritus virtutis et tamquam turbo dissipabit illos. Et ad eremum perducet omnem terram iniquitas, et malignitas evertet sedes potentium. (Biblia Sacra Vulgata, Liber Sapientiae, 5 5:23)

  거센 바람이 불어 닥쳐 폭풍처럼 그들을 날려 버릴 것이다. 이처럼 불법 때문에 온 세상이 황폐해지고 악행 때문에 지배자들의 권좌가 뒤엎어질 것이다. (불가타 성경, 지혜서, 5장 5:23)

• Somno contentus exiguo, cum id posceret tempus et ratio, perque spatia vitae longissima impendio castus, ut nec malivolo citerioris vitae ministro saltem suspicione tenus posset redargui, quod crimen etiam si non invenit, malignitas fingit, in summarum licentia potestatum. (Ammianus Marcellinus, Rerum Gestarum libri qui supersunt, Liber XXI, chapter 16 6:1)

  (암미아누스 마르켈리누스, 사건 연대기, , 16장 6:1)

• Nullum est tam plenum beneficium, quod non vellicare malignitas possit, nullum tam angustum, quod non bonus interpres extendat. (Seneca, De Beneficiis, Liber II 125:1)

  (세네카, 행복론, 125:1)

• nam et te, Messalla, video laetissima quaeque antiquorum imitantem, et vos, Materne ac Secunde, ita gravitati sensuum nitorem et cultum verborum miscetis, ea electio inventionis, is ordo rerum, ea, quotiens causa poscit, ubertas, ea, quotiens permittit, brevitas, is compositionis decor, ea sententiarum planitas est, sic exprimitis adfectus, sic libertatem temperatis, ut etiam si nostra iudicia malignitas et invidia tardaverit, verum de vobis dicturi sint posteri nostri.' (Cornelius Tacitus, Dialogus de Oratoribus, chapter 23 6:1)

  (코르넬리우스 타키투스, 대화, 23장 6:1)

• nam quod invicem se obtrectaverunt et sunt aliqua epistulis eorum inserta, ex quibus mutua malignitas detegitur, non est oratorum vitium, sed hominum. (Cornelius Tacitus, Dialogus de Oratoribus, chapter 25 5:1)

  (코르넬리우스 타키투스, 대화, 25장 5:1)

유의어 사전

Invidia denotes looking askance, as a sign that a man grudges something to another, from moral or immoral motives, not necessarily, though especially, from self-love, like ὑποψία; whereas livor (from χλεύη, or χλοιά), denotes the self-tormenting envy, which poisons the whole soul, and deprives the body itself of its fresh healthy color. 2. Invidia is the usual term for envy, whether active, as that which a man harbors, or passive, as a state in which a man stands; whereas invidentia is a new term of Cicero’s for the envy which a man harbors. 3. Invidia and livor denote envy as a temporary state, whereas malignitas as an habitual quality and disposition, in opp. to goodness of heart. The invidus and lividus grudge particular persons particular advantages, in particular cases; but the malignus wishes well to nobody but himself. 4. Invidia, livor, malignitas, denote a feeling and state of mind, whereas obtrectatio denotes an action, or manner of acting, proceeding from this feeling, inasmuch as it seeks to injure the envied person by dishonorable means, namely, detraction. Obtrectatio can scarcely be conceived as existing without invidia, but invidia may without obtrectatio, if the envious person is too cowardly to enter into conflict with the envied. 5. Obtrectatio supposes a rival, and has its origin in jealousy; whereas detrectatio only an enemy in general, and proceeds principally from antipathy. (iii. 65.)

1. Malitia denotes the baseness which shows itself in the love of lying and deceiving, from want of conscience; malignitas, the ill-will which grudges good to another, and wishes it only to itself, from pure selfishness; malevolentia, the ill-will which wishes evil to another rather than good, from personal aversion. Malitia is a way of thinking and acting deserving of punishment as endangering the security of society; malignitas is a despicable disposition, which implies the want of philanthropy; lastly, malevolentia, a detestable quality, as connected with deriving pleasure from the misfortunes of others. 2. Malus homo is a morally bad man, but nequam a good-for-nothing man, whose faultiness shows itself in aversion to useful labor, and a propensity to roguish tricks, in opp. to frugi. Plaut. Pseud, i. 5. 53. Cic. Font. 13. Or. ii. 61. Fin. ii. 8. Sen. Contr. iii. 21; pravus (πέραῖος) a man whose character has taken a vicious direction, in a physical, or intellectual, or moral point of view in opp. to rectus. Plaut. Bacch. iii. 3, 8. Cic. Fin. ii. 8. Acad. i. 10. Quintil. viii. 3, 48. Nec parricidam nequam dixeris hominem, nec meretrici forte deditum nefarium; quod alterum parum, alterum nimium est. Afric. ap. Gell. vii. 11. (i. 62.)

출처: Döderlein's Hand-book of Latin Synonymes by Ludwig von Doederlein