뜻

1. 질투, 부러움, 선망, 편견, 원한
2. 증오, 비난, 악평

1. envy, grudge, jealousy, prejudice, spite
2. an object of ill-will
3. odium, unpopularity, dislike, infamy, ill-will, envy

예문

• Responderunt fratres eius: " Numquid rex noster eris? Aut subiciemur dicioni tuae? ". Haec ergo causa somniorum atque sermonum, invidiae et odii fomitem ministravit. (Biblia Sacra Vulgata, Liber Genesis, 37 37:8)

  그러자 형들이 그에게 말하였다. “네가 우리의 임금이라도 될 셈이냐? 네가 우리를 다스리기라도 하겠다는 말이냐?” 그리하여 형들은 그의 꿈과 그가 한 말 때문에 그를 더욱 미워하게 되었다. (불가타 성경, 창세기, 37장 37:8)

• Invidia tacite, sed inimice irascitur. (Publilius Syrus, Sententiae, 2 2:48)

  조용하지만 적대적으로 질투는 화를 키운다. (푸블릴리우스 시루스, 격언집, 2:48)

• Vere stultum interficit iracundia, et fatuum occidit invidia. (Biblia Sacra Vulgata, Liber Iob, 5 5:2)

  정녕 미련한 자는 역정 내다가 죽고 우둔한 자는 흥분하다가 숨진다네. (불가타 성경, 욥기, 5장 5:2)

• Vita carnium sanitas cordis, putredo ossium invidia. (Biblia Sacra Vulgata, Liber Proverbiorum, 14 14:30)

  평온한 마음은 몸의 생명이고 질투는 뼈의 염증이다. (불가타 성경, 잠언, 14장 14:30)

• Amor quoque eorum et odium et invidiae simul perierunt, nec iam habent partem in hoc saeculo et in opere, quod sub sole geritur. (Biblia Sacra Vulgata, Liber Ecclesiastes, 9 9:6)

  그들의 사랑도 미움도 그들의 질투도 사라져 버린다. 태양 아래에서 일어나는 어떤 일에도 그들을 위한 몫은 이제 영원히 없는 것이다. (불가타 성경, 코헬렛, 9장 9:6)

유의어 사전

Invidia denotes looking askance, as a sign that a man grudges something to another, from moral or immoral motives, not necessarily, though especially, from self-love, like ὑποψία; whereas livor (from χλεύη, or χλοιά), denotes the self-tormenting envy, which poisons the whole soul, and deprives the body itself of its fresh healthy color. 2. Invidia is the usual term for envy, whether active, as that which a man harbors, or passive, as a state in which a man stands; whereas invidentia is a new term of Cicero’s for the envy which a man harbors. 3. Invidia and livor denote envy as a temporary state, whereas malignitas as an habitual quality and disposition, in opp. to goodness of heart. The invidus and lividus grudge particular persons particular advantages, in particular cases; but the malignus wishes well to nobody but himself. 4. Invidia, livor, malignitas, denote a feeling and state of mind, whereas obtrectatio denotes an action, or manner of acting, proceeding from this feeling, inasmuch as it seeks to injure the envied person by dishonorable means, namely, detraction. Obtrectatio can scarcely be conceived as existing without invidia, but invidia may without obtrectatio, if the envious person is too cowardly to enter into conflict with the envied. 5. Obtrectatio supposes a rival, and has its origin in jealousy; whereas detrectatio only an enemy in general, and proceeds principally from antipathy. (iii. 65.)

1. Odium and invidia denote the feeling of aversion; inimicitia and simultas, the exterior state arising from this feeling. 2. Invidia has a negative character, like disaffection, like δύσνοια, and is a temporary feeling, in opp. to gratia or favor; whereas odium (from ὀδύσασθαι) has a character thoroughly positive, like hatred, μῖσος, and is a deep-rooted feeling, in opp. to amor. Plin. Pan. 68, 7. Hence, invidia is the beginning of odium. Invidia has merely persons; odium, persons and things for its objects. Tac. Ann. ii. 56. Armenii . . . sæpius discordes sunt, adversus Romanos odio, et in Parthum invidia. xiii. 15. Nero intellecta invidia odium intendit. Plin. Pan. 84, 2. Exardescit invidia, cujus finis est odium. 3. Inimicitia denotes any enmity which has its foundation in antipathy or disagreement, like δυσμένεια, ἔχθρα; whereas simultas (ὁμαλότης) denotes a political enmity, which has its foundation in rivalship, like φιλονεικία. Suet. Vesp. 6. Simultas quam ex æmulatione non obscuræ gerebant. (iii. 73.)

출처: Döderlein's Hand-book of Latin Synonymes by Ludwig von Doederlein