뜻

1. 엄격한, 심각한, 진지한, 중대한

1. severe, serious, grave in demeanor

예문

• CONDIGNE mehercule et condecore Chrysippus, in librorum qui inscribuntur Περι` Καλοῦ και` ̔Ηδονῆσ primo, os et oculos Iustitiae vultumque eius severis atque venerandis verborum coloribus depinxit. (Aulus Gellius, Attic Nights, A. Gellii Noctium Atticarum Liber Quartus Decimus, IV 2:1)

  (아울루스 겔리우스, 아테네의 밤, , 2:1)

• Sed quamcunque arborem severis, eam biennio proximo putare non oportet. (Columella, Lucius Junius Moderatus, Res Rustica, book 5, chapter 6 12:3)

  (콜루멜라, 루키우스 유니우스 모데라투스, 농업론, 5권, 6장 12:3)

• At Claudius matrimonii sui ignarus et munia censoria usurpans, theatralem populi lasciviam severis edictis increpuit, quod in Publium Pomponium consularem (is carmina scaenae dabat) inque feminas inlustris probra iecerat. (Cornelius Tacitus, Annales, LIBER XI, chapter 13 13:1)

  (코르넬리우스 타키투스, 연대기, , 13장 13:1)

• et ex ipsa urbe haud spernenda manus, quinque praetoriae cohortes et equitum vexilla cum legione prima, ac deforme insuper auxilium, duo milia gladiatorum, sed per civilia arma etiam severis ducibus usurpatum. (Cornelius Tacitus, Historiae, LIBER II, chapter 11 11:7)

  (코르넬리우스 타키투스, 역사, , 11장 11:7)

• unum sententiosum et argutum, sententiis non tam gravibus et severis quam concinnis et venustis, qualis in historia Timaeus, in dicendo autem pueris nobis Hierocles Alabandeus, magis etiam Menecles frater eius fuit, quorum utriusque orationes sunt in primis ut Asiatico in genere laudabiles. (M. Tullius Cicero, Brvtvs, chapter 95 1:4)

  (마르쿠스 툴리우스 키케로, 브루투스, 95장 1:4)

유의어 사전

1. Austerus (αὐστηρός, from αὔω) denotes gravity as an intellectual, severus (αὐηρός) as a moral quality. The austerus in opp. to jucundus, Plin. H. N. xxxiv. 8. xxxv. 11, is an enemy to jocularity and frivolity, and seeks in science, learning, and social intercourse, always that which is serious and real, at the risk of passing for dull; the severus, in opp. to luxuriosus, Quintil. xi. 3, 74, is rigid, hates all dissoluteness and laxity of principle, and exacts from himself and others self-control and energy of character, at the risk of passing for harsh. The stoic, as a philosopher, is austerus, as a man, severus. 2. Austerus and severus involve no blame; whereas difficilis, morosus, and tetricus, denote an excess or degeneracy of rigor. The difficilis understands not the art of easy and agreeable converse, from hypochondria and temperament; the morosus (from mos) is scrupulous, and wishes everything to be done according to rule, from scrupulosity and want of tolerance; the tetricus (redupl. of trux, τραχύς) is stiff and constrained, from pedantry and want of temper. (iii. 232.)

Severus (αὐηρός) means, actively, one who cuts no jokes; serius, in a neutral sense, what is no subject for joking; and severe means earnestly; serio, in earnest; whence severus is an epithet for persons, serius for things; Hor. A. P. 105. Decent vultum severum seria dictu. Senec. Tranq. 15. Nihil magnum, nihil severum nec serium quidem ex tanto apparatu putat. Severus is in opp. to hilaris, Cic. Brut. 93, remissus, Orat. ii. 17, luxuriosus, Quintil. xi. 3, 74; whereas serius is in opp. to jucundus, jocosus; and serio to joco, per jocum. Yet severus also supplies the place of serius; particularly in severior, severissimus, and severitas, because serius does not possess these forms. (i. 75.)

출처: Döderlein's Hand-book of Latin Synonymes by Ludwig von Doederlein