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기본형: calculus, calculī
Cum iam sententiae pares, cunctorum stilis ad unum sermonem congruentibus, ex more perpetuo in urnam aeream deberent conici, quo semel conditis calculis, iam cum rei fortuna transacto, nihil postea commutavi licebat, sed mancipabatur potestas capitis in manum carnificis, unus e curia senior, prae ceteris compertae fidei atque auctoritatis praecipuae medicus, orificium urnae manu contegens ne quis mitteret calculum temere, haec ad ordinem pertulit: (Apuleius, Metamorphoses, book 10 8:2)
(아풀레이우스, 변신, 10권 8:2)
tunc animo volenti Phrygius iuvenis malum quod tenebat aureum, velut victoriae calculum, puellae tradidit. (Apuleius, Metamorphoses, book 10 32:9)
(아풀레이우스, 변신, 10권 32:9)
nonnumquam, si digitum admoverunt, ubi vesicae cervicem is urguet, calculum sentiunt. (Aulus Cornelius Celsus, De Medicina, Liber II, chapter 7 8:43)
(켈수스, 의학에 관하여, , 7장 8:43)
Expellere autem ex vesica cum urina calculum videtur haec compositio: (Aulus Cornelius Celsus, De Medicina, Liber V, chapter 20 21:38)
(켈수스, 의학에 관하여, , 20장 21:38)
dextraeque digitos super imum abdomen leviter inponit, ne, si utrimque digiti circa calculum vehementer concurrerint, vesicam laedant. (Aulus Cornelius Celsus, De Medicina, Liber VII, chapter 26 27:37)
(켈수스, 의학에 관하여, , 26장 27:37)
1. Saxum, rupes, and cautes, are greater; lapis, calx, and scrupus, smaller masses of stone. Plin. H. N. xxxvi. 22. Silex viridis ubi invenitur, lapis, non saxum est. 2. Saxa (from ψεκάσ, ψήχω) are greater masses of stone, in whatever form, like πέτραι; rupes and petræ (πέτραι, from πεσεῖν) are steep and high, like rocks, and therefore difficult to climb; cautes and scopuli are rough and pointed, like crags, and therefore threaten danger; the cautes are smaller, and also not visible in the water, and therefore deceitful; the scopuli (from κόψαι) jutting upwards, threaten and announce danger, like σκόπελοι. 3. Lapis (ἄλιψ) is the most general expression, and denotes the stone only as a material substance, without regard to its form, like λίθος; calculus, is a smooth, generally round pebble; scrupulus, a rough, generally angular pebble; but for this meaning of scrupulus, the dimin. of scrupus, we have only the authority of grammarians; in authors it has only the figurative meaning of scruple. (v. 191.)
출처: Döderlein's Hand-book of Latin Synonymes by Ludwig von Doederlein
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