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기본형: figūra, figūrae
Qui dixit eis: " Cuius figurae et habitus vir erat, qui occurrit vobis et locutus est verba haec? ". (Biblia Sacra Vulgata, Liber II Regum, 1 1:7)
그러자 임금은 “너희를 만나러 올라와서 그런 말을 한 사람이 어떻게 생겼더냐?” 하고 물었다. (불가타 성경, 열왕기 하권, 1장 1:7)
Item symmetria est ex ipsius operis membris conveniens consensus ex partibusque separatis ad universae figurae speciem ratae partis responsus. (Vitruvius Pollio, De Architectura, LIBER PRIMUS, chapter 2 3:17)
(비트루비우스 폴리오, 건축술에 관하여, , 2장 3:17)
Ergo si ita natura composuit corpus hominis, uti proportionibus membra ad summam figurationem eius respondeant, cum causa constituisse videntur antiqui, ut etiam in operum perfectionibus singulorum membrorum ad universam figurae speciem habeant commensus exactionem. (Vitruvius Pollio, De Architectura, LIBER TERTIUS, chapter 1 2:14)
(비트루비우스 폴리오, 건축술에 관하여, , 1장 2:14)
sic enim erunt figurae compositionis aedium contractura eius tali ratione exactae. (Vitruvius Pollio, De Architectura, LIBER TERTIUS, chapter 5 6:16)
(비트루비우스 폴리오, 건축술에 관하여, , 5장 6:16)
reliqua autem proportionibus et symmetriis isdem conservantes aliud genus figurae nominisque videntur pseudoperipterum procreavisse. (Vitruvius Pollio, De Architectura, LIBER QUARTUS, chapter 8 9:20)
(비트루비우스 폴리오, 건축술에 관하여, , 8장 9:20)
Figura (from fingere, φέγγειν,) denotes shape altogether indifferently, in its mathematical relation, as far as it possesses a definite outline, like σχῆμα; whereas forma (φόριμοσ, φόρημα,) denotes it in an æsthetical relation, as far as it is a visible stamp and copy of an interior substance, to which it corresponds, like μορφή; lastly, species, in its physical relation, as far as it stands opposed to the inner invisible substance, which it covers as a mere outside, like εἶδος. Hence figurare means to shape, that is, to give a definite outline to a formless mass; whereas formare means to form, that is, to give the right shape to an unwrought mass; and lastly, speciem addere means to bedeck any thing, in the old sense of the word, that is, to give to a mass already formed an exterior that shall attract the eye. According to this explanation figura refers exclusively to the outline or lineaments, whilst forma, or at least species, involves color, size, and the like. (iii. 25.)
출처: Döderlein's Hand-book of Latin Synonymes by Ludwig von Doederlein
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