뜻

1. 겁, 수줍음

1. timidity

예문

• quo facto proripuit se cum amicis et parte equitum praetorianorum in proximam siluam, truncatisque arboribus et in modum tropaeorum adornatis ad lumina reuersus, eorum quidem qui secuti non essent timiditatem et ignauiam corripuit, comites autem et participes uictoriae nouo genere ac nomine coronarum donauit, quas distinctas solis ac lunae siderumque specie exploratorias appellauit. (C. Suetonius Tranquillus, De Vita Caesarum, C. Caligula, chapter 45 1:2)

  (가이우스 수에토니우스 트란퀼루스, 황제전, , 45장 1:2)

• et bene ostendit timiditatem Graecorum, qui paucitate timentes eos primos occiderunt, qui ceteros poterant excitare. (Maurus Servius Honoratus, Commentary on the Aeneid of Vergil, SERVII GRAMMATICI IN VERGILII AENEIDOS LIBRVM SECVNDVM COMMENTARIVS., commline 266 237:6)

  (마우루스 세르비우스 호노라투스, , , 237:6)

• quibus rebus intellegitur nec timiditatem ignaviamque vituperari nec fortitudinem patientiamque laudari suo nomine, sed illas reici, quia dolorem pariant, has optari, quia voluptatem. (M. Tullius Cicero, de Finibus Bonorum et Malorum, LIBER PRIMUS 64:4)

  (마르쿠스 툴리우스 키케로, 최선과 최악에 관하여, 64:4)

• stultitiam autem et timiditatem et iniustitiam et intemperantiam cum dicimus esse fugiendas propter eas res, quae ex ipsis eveniant, non ita dicimus, ut cum illo, quod positum est, solum id esse malum, quod turpe sit, haec pugnare videatur oratio, propterea quod ea non ad corporis incommodum referuntur, sed ad turpes actiones, quae oriuntur e vitiis. (M. Tullius Cicero, de Finibus Bonorum et Malorum, LIBER TERTIUS 50:2)

  (마르쿠스 툴리우스 키케로, 최선과 최악에 관하여, 50:2)

• quae qui recipit, recipiat idem necesse est timiditatem et ignaviam. (M. Tullius Cicero, Tusculanae Disputationes, book 3 14:8)

  (마르쿠스 툴리우스 키케로, 투스쿨라눔의 대화, 3권 14:8)

유의어 사전

1. Vereri (ὁρᾶν?) like αἰδεῖσθαι, has its foundation in what is strikingly venerable; metuere and timere, like δεῖσαι; and φοβεῖσθαι, in the threatening danger of an object. The timens and metuens fear the danger; the verens, the disgrace and shame. Cic. Phil. xii. 12. Quid? veteranos non veremur? nam timeri ne ipsi quidem volunt. Sen. 11, 37. Metuebant eum servi, verebantur liberi, carum omnes habebant. Liv. xxxix. 37. Veremur quidem vos Romani et si ita vultis etiam timemus. Afran. ap. Gell. xv. 13. Ubi malunt metui, quam vereri se ab suis. Senec. Ir. iii. 32. Quibusdam timeamus irasci, quibusdam vereamur. 2. Metus (ματᾶν) is fear, only as the anticipation of an impending evil, and reflection upon it, the apprehension that proceeds from foresight and prudence, like δέος, synonymously with cautio; whereas timor (from τρέμω), the fear that proceeds from cowardice and weakness. Or, metus is an intellectual notion; fear, as from reflection, in opp. to spes; for instances, see Cic. Verr. ii. 54. Off. ii. 6. Liv. xxx. 9. Suet. Aug. 25. Tac. H. i. 18. Ann. ii. 12, 38. Sen. Ep. 5. Suet. Aug. 5. Cels. ii. 6. Curt. viii. 6:—whereas timor is a moral notion, fear as a feeling, in opp. to fiducia, animus. Cic. Divin. ii. 31. Att. v. 20. Rull. i. 8. Sallust. Jug. ii. 3. Tac. Hist. ii. 80. Plin. Ep. v. 17. 3. In the like manner are spes, hope, and fiducia, confidence, distinguished. Sen. Ep. 16. Jam de te spem habeo, nondum fiduciam. Tac. Agr. 2. Nec spem modo ac votum securitas publica, sed ipsius voti fiduciam ac robur assumpserit. Suet. Cl. 10. Aliquanto minore spe quam fiducia. Liv. x. 25. Curt. ix. 4, 25. 4. Timor denotes fear, as a temporary state; timiditas, fearfulness, as an habitual quality, which is connected with ignavia, as a more precise expression for the more general feeling. Lactant. iii. 17. Epicurus . . . ignavum prohibet accedere ad rem publicam, pigrum exercere, timidum militare. Ignavia is inaptitude for any noble action, and particularly for deeds of valor; timiditas is, under certain circumstances, excusable; ignavia is absolutely blamable. 5. Metus and timor have their foundation in reflection, whereby a person is made clearly aware of the object and ground of his apprehension; whereas horror and formido is an immediate feeling, which overpowers the understanding by the dreadful image of the nearness of some horrid object, and can give no account of the ground of its fear; formido (fremere) expresses this state immediately as a state of mind, like ὀῤῥωδία; whereas horror (χέρσος) as the bodily expression of this state, by the hair standing on end, the eyes wildly staring, etc., like φρίκη. Tac. H. iv. 45. Metus per omnes ac præcipua Germanici militis formido. (ii. 190.)

출처: Döderlein's Hand-book of Latin Synonymes by Ludwig von Doederlein