뜻

1. ~을 고정된 것, 굳건한 것으로 표현하다; 확언하다, 유지하다
2. 강화하다, 확정하다, 확증하다
3. 명백하게 하다, 확실히 하다

1. I present (something) as fixed, firm, or true; affirm, assert, maintain.
2. I strengthen, confirm, corroborate.
3. (figurative) I make clear

예문

• Antiochus autem contemni se arbitratus, simul et exprobrantem dedignans vocem, cum adhuc adulescentior superesset, non solum verbis hortabatur, sed et cum iuramento affirmabat se divitem simul et beatum facturum, translatum a patriis legibus, et amicum habiturum et officia ei crediturum. (Biblia Sacra Vulgata, Liber II Maccabaeorum, 7 7:24)

  (불가타 성경, 마카베오기 하권, 7장 7:24)

• Et intervallo facto quasi horae unius, alius quidam affirmabat dicens: " Vere et hic cum illo erat, nam et Galilaeus est! ". (Biblia Sacra Vulgata, Evangelium secundum Lucam, 22 22:59)

  한 시간쯤 지났을 때에 또 다른 사람이, “이이도 갈릴래아 사람이니까 저 사람과 함께 있었던 게 틀림없소.” 하고 주장하였다. (불가타 성경, 루카 복음서, 22장 22:59)

• Quo exstincto cum maledictis execrationibusque multorum se Iulianus sentiret expositum, impurgabile crimen excusari posse existimans, absque conscientia sua hominem affirmabat occisum, praetendens quod eum militaris ira delevit, memor quae dixerat (ut ante rettulimus), cum Amidam vidisset excisam. (Ammianus Marcellinus, Rerum Gestarum libri qui supersunt, Liber XXII: Julianus, chapter 3 8:1)

  (암미아누스 마르켈리누스, 사건 연대기, , 3장 8:1)

• recognitione equitum iuuenem probri plenum, sed quem pater probatissimum sibi affirmabat, sine ignominia dimisit, habere dicens censorem suum; (C. Suetonius Tranquillus, De Vita Caesarum, Divus Claudius, chapter 16 1:2)

  (가이우스 수에토니우스 트란퀼루스, 황제전, , 16장 1:2)

• Tandem, Washingtonius, epistolas istas sese nunquam scripsisse plane jam affirmabat. (Francis Glass, Washingtonii Vita, CAPUT VICESIMUM. 22:17)

  (프란키스 글라스, , 22:17)

유의어 사전

1. Dicere denotes to say, as conveying information, in reference to the hearer, in opp. to tacere, like the neutral word loqui. Cic. Rull. ii. 1. Ver. ii. 1, 71, 86. Plin. Ep. iv. 20. vii. 6, like λέγειν; but aio expresses an affirmation, with reference to the speaker, in opp. to nego. Cic. Off. iii. 23. Plaut. Rud. ii. 4, 14. Terent. Eun. ii. 2, 21, like φάναι. 2. Ait is in construction with an indirect form of speech, and therefore generally governs an infinitive; whereas inquit is in construction with a direct form of speech, and therefore admits an indicative, imperative, or conjunctive. 3. Aio denotes the simple affirmation of a proposition by merely expressing it, whereas asseverare, affirmare, contendere, denote an emphatic affirmation; asseverare is to affirm in earnest, in opp. to a jocular, or even light affirmation, jocari. Cic. Brut. 85; affirmare, to affirm as certain, in opp. to doubts and rumors, dubitare, Divin. ii. 3, 8; contendere, to affirm against contradiction, and to maintain one’s opinion, in opp. to yielding it up, or renouncing it. 4. Dicere (δεῖξαι) denotes to say, without any accessory notion, whereas loqui (λακεῖν), as a transitive verb, with the contemptuous accessory notion that that which is said is mere idle talk. Cic. Att. xiv. 4. Horribile est quæ loquantur, quæ minitentur. 5. Loqui denotes speaking in general; fabulari, a good-humored, or, at least, pleasant mode of speaking, to pass away the time, in which no heed is taken of the substance and import of what is said, like λαλεῖν; lastly, dicere, as a neuter verb, denotes a speech prepared according to the rules of art, a studied speech, particularly from the rostrum, like λέγειν. Liv. xlv. 39. Tu, centurio, miles, quid de imperatore Paulo senatus decreverit potius quam quid Sergio Galba fabuletur audi, et hoc dicere me potius quam illum audi; ille nihil præterquam loqui, et id ipsum maledice et maligne didicit. Cic. Brut. 58. Scipio sane mihi bene et loqui videtur et dicere. Orat. iii. 10. Neque enim conamur docere eum dicere qui loqui nesciat. Orat. 32. Muren. 34, 71. Suet. Cl. 4. Qui tam ἀσαφῶς loquatur, qui possit quum declamat σαφῶς dicere quæ dicenda sunt non video. 6. Fari (φάναι) denotes speaking, as the mechanical use of the organs of speech to articulate sounds and words, nearly in opp. to infantem esse; whereas loqui (λακεῖν), as the means of giving utterance to one’s thoughts, in opp. to tacere. And as fari may be sometimes limited to the utterance of single words, it easily combines with the image of an unusual, imposing, oracular brevity, as in the decrees of fate, fati; whereas loqui, as a usual mode of speaking, is applicable to excess in speaking, loquacitas. (iv. 1.)

출처: Döderlein's Hand-book of Latin Synonymes by Ludwig von Doederlein