뜻

1. ~을 고정된 것, 굳건한 것으로 표현하다; 확언하다, 유지하다
2. 강화하다, 확정하다, 확증하다
3. 명백하게 하다, 확실히 하다

1. I present (something) as fixed, firm, or true; affirm, assert, maintain.
2. I strengthen, confirm, corroborate.
3. (figurative) I make clear

예문

• quod autem affirmate quasi deo teste promiseris, id tenendum est. (M. Tullius Cicero, De Officiis, LIBER TERTIUS 135:5)

  (마르쿠스 툴리우스 키케로, 의무론, 135:5)

• Nonne Ezechias decipit vos, ut tradat morti in fame et siti affirmans quod Dominus Deus vester liberet vos de manu regis Assyriorum? (Biblia Sacra Vulgata, Liber II Paralipomenon, 32 32:11)

  히즈키야가 ‘주 우리 하느님께서 우리를 아시리아 임금의 손아귀에서 구해 내실 것이다.’ 하면서, 너희를 잘못 이끌어 굶주리고 목말라 죽게 하려는 것이 아니냐? (불가타 성경, 역대기 하권, 32장 32:11)

• Antiochus autem contemni se arbitratus, simul et exprobrantem dedignans vocem, cum adhuc adulescentior superesset, non solum verbis hortabatur, sed et cum iuramento affirmabat se divitem simul et beatum facturum, translatum a patriis legibus, et amicum habiturum et officia ei crediturum. (Biblia Sacra Vulgata, Liber II Maccabaeorum, 7 7:24)

  (불가타 성경, 마카베오기 하권, 7장 7:24)

• Et intervallo facto quasi horae unius, alius quidam affirmabat dicens: " Vere et hic cum illo erat, nam et Galilaeus est! ". (Biblia Sacra Vulgata, Evangelium secundum Lucam, 22 22:59)

  한 시간쯤 지났을 때에 또 다른 사람이, “이이도 갈릴래아 사람이니까 저 사람과 함께 있었던 게 틀림없소.” 하고 주장하였다. (불가타 성경, 루카 복음서, 22장 22:59)

• Ipse ego, qui nullos me adfirmo scribere uersus,inuenior Parthis mendacior et prius ortosole uigil calamum et chartas et scrinia posco. (EPISTVLARVM LIBER SECVNDVS, I 1:45)

  (호라티우스의 두번째 편지, 1 1:45)

유의어 사전

1. Dicere denotes to say, as conveying information, in reference to the hearer, in opp. to tacere, like the neutral word loqui. Cic. Rull. ii. 1. Ver. ii. 1, 71, 86. Plin. Ep. iv. 20. vii. 6, like λέγειν; but aio expresses an affirmation, with reference to the speaker, in opp. to nego. Cic. Off. iii. 23. Plaut. Rud. ii. 4, 14. Terent. Eun. ii. 2, 21, like φάναι. 2. Ait is in construction with an indirect form of speech, and therefore generally governs an infinitive; whereas inquit is in construction with a direct form of speech, and therefore admits an indicative, imperative, or conjunctive. 3. Aio denotes the simple affirmation of a proposition by merely expressing it, whereas asseverare, affirmare, contendere, denote an emphatic affirmation; asseverare is to affirm in earnest, in opp. to a jocular, or even light affirmation, jocari. Cic. Brut. 85; affirmare, to affirm as certain, in opp. to doubts and rumors, dubitare, Divin. ii. 3, 8; contendere, to affirm against contradiction, and to maintain one’s opinion, in opp. to yielding it up, or renouncing it. 4. Dicere (δεῖξαι) denotes to say, without any accessory notion, whereas loqui (λακεῖν), as a transitive verb, with the contemptuous accessory notion that that which is said is mere idle talk. Cic. Att. xiv. 4. Horribile est quæ loquantur, quæ minitentur. 5. Loqui denotes speaking in general; fabulari, a good-humored, or, at least, pleasant mode of speaking, to pass away the time, in which no heed is taken of the substance and import of what is said, like λαλεῖν; lastly, dicere, as a neuter verb, denotes a speech prepared according to the rules of art, a studied speech, particularly from the rostrum, like λέγειν. Liv. xlv. 39. Tu, centurio, miles, quid de imperatore Paulo senatus decreverit potius quam quid Sergio Galba fabuletur audi, et hoc dicere me potius quam illum audi; ille nihil præterquam loqui, et id ipsum maledice et maligne didicit. Cic. Brut. 58. Scipio sane mihi bene et loqui videtur et dicere. Orat. iii. 10. Neque enim conamur docere eum dicere qui loqui nesciat. Orat. 32. Muren. 34, 71. Suet. Cl. 4. Qui tam ἀσαφῶς loquatur, qui possit quum declamat σαφῶς dicere quæ dicenda sunt non video. 6. Fari (φάναι) denotes speaking, as the mechanical use of the organs of speech to articulate sounds and words, nearly in opp. to infantem esse; whereas loqui (λακεῖν), as the means of giving utterance to one’s thoughts, in opp. to tacere. And as fari may be sometimes limited to the utterance of single words, it easily combines with the image of an unusual, imposing, oracular brevity, as in the decrees of fate, fati; whereas loqui, as a usual mode of speaking, is applicable to excess in speaking, loquacitas. (iv. 1.)

출처: Döderlein's Hand-book of Latin Synonymes by Ludwig von Doederlein