뜻

1. 희망, 바람
2. 기대, 예상, 전망

1. hope
2. expectation

예문

• Tu autem, o sceleste et omnium hominum flagitiosissime, noli frustra extolli elatus vanis spebus, in filios caeli levata manu; (Biblia Sacra Vulgata, Liber II Maccabaeorum, 7 7:34)

  (불가타 성경, 마카베오기 하권, 7장 7:34)

• cum hoc confero, quinam potissimum procerum spebus valeret nostris opitulari. (Sidonius Apollinaris, Epistulae, book 1, Sidonius Heronio 2 suo salutem 1:4)

  (시도니우스 아폴리나리스, 편지들, 1권, 1:4)

• simul et animorum spebus erectis fas est de cetero sperare meliora, certe creber provincialium sermo est annum bonum de magnis non tam fructibus quam potestatibus existimandum. (Sidonius Apollinaris, Epistulae, book 3, Sidonius Eutropio suo Salutem. 3:2)

  (시도니우스 아폴리나리스, 편지들, 3권, 3:2)

• Sic et sic illusi vanis spebus, ducenti et triginta processerunt, [0591B] omnes sine dilatione jussu principis decollati, eo quod maxima mala peregrinis, Hierosolymam transeuntibus, intulissent, alios exspoliantes, alios trucidantes: (ALBERT OF AIX, HISTORIA HIEROSOLYMITANAE EXPEDITIONIS, LIBER VII 81:5)

  (, , 81:5)

• ‘ō amīce cārissime, tū mihi novam spem praebuistī. (Oxford Latin Course III, Quīntus amīcō veterī occurrit 40:40)

  (옥스포드 라틴 코스 3권, 40:40)

유의어 사전

1. Vereri (ὁρᾶν?) like αἰδεῖσθαι, has its foundation in what is strikingly venerable; metuere and timere, like δεῖσαι; and φοβεῖσθαι, in the threatening danger of an object. The timens and metuens fear the danger; the verens, the disgrace and shame. Cic. Phil. xii. 12. Quid? veteranos non veremur? nam timeri ne ipsi quidem volunt. Sen. 11, 37. Metuebant eum servi, verebantur liberi, carum omnes habebant. Liv. xxxix. 37. Veremur quidem vos Romani et si ita vultis etiam timemus. Afran. ap. Gell. xv. 13. Ubi malunt metui, quam vereri se ab suis. Senec. Ir. iii. 32. Quibusdam timeamus irasci, quibusdam vereamur. 2. Metus (ματᾶν) is fear, only as the anticipation of an impending evil, and reflection upon it, the apprehension that proceeds from foresight and prudence, like δέος, synonymously with cautio; whereas timor (from τρέμω), the fear that proceeds from cowardice and weakness. Or, metus is an intellectual notion; fear, as from reflection, in opp. to spes; for instances, see Cic. Verr. ii. 54. Off. ii. 6. Liv. xxx. 9. Suet. Aug. 25. Tac. H. i. 18. Ann. ii. 12, 38. Sen. Ep. 5. Suet. Aug. 5. Cels. ii. 6. Curt. viii. 6:—whereas timor is a moral notion, fear as a feeling, in opp. to fiducia, animus. Cic. Divin. ii. 31. Att. v. 20. Rull. i. 8. Sallust. Jug. ii. 3. Tac. Hist. ii. 80. Plin. Ep. v. 17. 3. In the like manner are spes, hope, and fiducia, confidence, distinguished. Sen. Ep. 16. Jam de te spem habeo, nondum fiduciam. Tac. Agr. 2. Nec spem modo ac votum securitas publica, sed ipsius voti fiduciam ac robur assumpserit. Suet. Cl. 10. Aliquanto minore spe quam fiducia. Liv. x. 25. Curt. ix. 4, 25. 4. Timor denotes fear, as a temporary state; timiditas, fearfulness, as an habitual quality, which is connected with ignavia, as a more precise expression for the more general feeling. Lactant. iii. 17. Epicurus . . . ignavum prohibet accedere ad rem publicam, pigrum exercere, timidum militare. Ignavia is inaptitude for any noble action, and particularly for deeds of valor; timiditas is, under certain circumstances, excusable; ignavia is absolutely blamable. 5. Metus and timor have their foundation in reflection, whereby a person is made clearly aware of the object and ground of his apprehension; whereas horror and formido is an immediate feeling, which overpowers the understanding by the dreadful image of the nearness of some horrid object, and can give no account of the ground of its fear; formido (fremere) expresses this state immediately as a state of mind, like ὀῤῥωδία; whereas horror (χέρσος) as the bodily expression of this state, by the hair standing on end, the eyes wildly staring, etc., like φρίκη. Tac. H. iv. 45. Metus per omnes ac præcipua Germanici militis formido. (ii. 190.)

출처: Döderlein's Hand-book of Latin Synonymes by Ludwig von Doederlein