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기본형: scopulus, scopulī
Cognitis enim pilatorum caesorumque funeribus, nemo deinde ad has stationes navem, sed ut Scironis praerupta letalia declinantes, litoribus Cypriis contigui navigabant, quae Isauriae scopulis sunt controversa. (Ammianus Marcellinus, Rerum Gestarum libri qui supersunt, Liber XIV, chapter 2 3:2)
(암미아누스 마르켈리누스, 사건 연대기, , 2장 3:2)
late cruentat arva et inrisum caput scopulis resultat; (Seneca, Phaedra 15:41)
(세네카, 파이드라 15:41)
hoc mare quod tantum ex uasto patet urguetur in minimum, insidiosis excipitur angustiis uixque minimo aditus nauigio est et huius quoque remigium arcet inquietatione quod circumfluit mare, fallentia cursus uada altioribus internata, aspera scopulis, et cetera quae nauigantium uota decipiunt. (Seneca, Suasoriae, Trecenti Lacones contra Xersen missi, cum treceni ex omni Graecia missi fugissent, deliberant an et ipsi fugiant. 1:13)
(세네카, , 1:13)
aestuat scopulis fretum fervetque semper fluctus alterna vice. (Seneca, Agamemnon 10:63)
(세네카, 아가멤논 10:63)
terrigenum caelo quondam adversata gigantum, quos scopulis trabibusque parens miserata iugisque (C. Valerius Catullus, Argonautica, C. Valeri Flacci Argonauticon Liber Secundus. 21:1)
(가이우스 발레리우스 카툴루스, 아르고나우티카, 21:1)
1. Saxum, rupes, and cautes, are greater; lapis, calx, and scrupus, smaller masses of stone. Plin. H. N. xxxvi. 22. Silex viridis ubi invenitur, lapis, non saxum est. 2. Saxa (from ψεκάσ, ψήχω) are greater masses of stone, in whatever form, like πέτραι; rupes and petræ (πέτραι, from πεσεῖν) are steep and high, like rocks, and therefore difficult to climb; cautes and scopuli are rough and pointed, like crags, and therefore threaten danger; the cautes are smaller, and also not visible in the water, and therefore deceitful; the scopuli (from κόψαι) jutting upwards, threaten and announce danger, like σκόπελοι. 3. Lapis (ἄλιψ) is the most general expression, and denotes the stone only as a material substance, without regard to its form, like λίθος; calculus, is a smooth, generally round pebble; scrupulus, a rough, generally angular pebble; but for this meaning of scrupulus, the dimin. of scrupus, we have only the authority of grammarians; in authors it has only the figurative meaning of scruple. (v. 191.)
출처: Döderlein's Hand-book of Latin Synonymes by Ludwig von Doederlein
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