뜻

1. 거만, 불굴, 완고
2. 법정에서의 완고한 거절

1. arrogance, inflexibility, contumacy, stubbornness
2. obstinate refusal to appear in court

예문

• Ad ultimum exceptis victoriis, per quas cadentes saepe incolumi contumacia barbaros fudit, quod profuerit anhelantibus extrema penuria Gallis, hinc maxime claret, quod primitus partes eas ingressus, pro capitulis singulis tributi nomine vicenos quinos aureos repperit flagitari, discedens vero septenos tantum munera universa complentes: (Ammianus Marcellinus, Rerum Gestarum libri qui supersunt, Liber XVI, chapter 5 14:1)

  (암미아누스 마르켈리누스, 사건 연대기, , 5장 14:1)

• Cohors praetoria ex adverso Augustum cautius stipans, resistentium pectora moxque terga fugientium incidebat, et cadentes insuperabili contumacia barbari non tam mortem dolere, quam nostrorum laetitiam, horrendo stridore monstrabant, et iacentes absque mortuis plurimi, succisis poplitibus ideoque adempto fugiendi subsidio, alii dexteris amputatis, non nulli ferro quidem intacti, sed superruentium collisi ponderibus, cruciatus alto silentio perferebant. (Ammianus Marcellinus, Rerum Gestarum libri qui supersunt, Liber XVII, chapter 13 10:1)

  (암미아누스 마르켈리누스, 사건 연대기, , 13장 10:1)

• quoniam pervicax contumacia plerumque saevientem fatigat. (Columella, Lucius Junius Moderatus, Res Rustica, book 6, chapter 2 11:4)

  (콜루멜라, 루키우스 유니우스 모데라투스, 농업론, 6권, 2장 11:4)

• traditam Tiberio pervicax adulter contumacia et odiis in maritum accendebat; (Cornelius Tacitus, Annales, LIBER I, chapter 53 53:7)

  (코르넬리우스 타키투스, 연대기, , 53장 53:7)

• coepta luce missae in latera legiones, metu an contumacia, locum deseruere, capto propere campo umentia ultra. (Cornelius Tacitus, Annales, LIBER I, chapter 65 65:4)

  (코르넬리우스 타키투스, 연대기, , 65장 65:4)

유의어 사전

1. Pervicacia and perseverantia denote adherence to what is once resolved upon as a virtue; pervicacia (from vincere? vigere?) has its foundation in natural energy of disposition; perseverantia, in earnestness of character, formed by cultivation; whereas pertinacia and contumacia as a fault; pertinacia has its foundation in a stiff-necked adherence to what is once resolved upon, like obstinacy and stubbornness, in opp. to condescension; contumacia (from temere, contemnere) in a haughty maintenance of one’s free-will, even against proper and legitimate superiority, like insolence and refractoriness, in opp. to complaisance, obsequium. Tac. Ann. iv. 20. Hist. iv. 74. Accius apud Non. Tu pertinacem esse, Antiloche, hanc prædicas, ego pervicaciam esse aio et a me uti volo, etc. Cic. inv. ii. 54. Unicuique virtuti finitimum vitium reperietur, ut pertinacia, quæ finitima perseverantiæ est: comp. with Balb. 27. Marc. 10. 2. Pervicacia, etc. denote persisting in a resolution once made; destinatio and obstinatio are more immediately connected with the making of the resolution; destinatio, the making of an unalterable resolution, decidedness; obstinatio, adhering to it in spite of insurmountable obstacles and reasonable remonstrances, obstinacy. (iv. 176.)

출처: Döderlein's Hand-book of Latin Synonymes by Ludwig von Doederlein