뜻

1. 거만, 불굴, 완고
2. 법정에서의 완고한 거절

1. arrogance, inflexibility, contumacy, stubbornness
2. obstinate refusal to appear in court

예문

• quapropter facile intellego hasce ei tot initiorum enumerationes nugas uideri, et fors anne ob hanc diuini contumaciam non inducat animum uerum esse quod dixi, me sanctissime tot sacrorum signa et memoracula custodire. (Apuleius, Apologia 54:12)

  (아풀레이우스, 변명 54:12)

• propter quae undique necessitate contumaciam de-ponit, et ad patientiam laboris paucissimis verberibus perducitur. (Columella, Lucius Junius Moderatus, Res Rustica, book 6, chapter 2 10:6)

  (콜루멜라, 루키우스 유니우스 모데라투스, 농업론, 6권, 2장 10:6)

• igitur contumaciam eius insectari, vetus Augustae odium, recentem Liviae conscientiam exagitare, ut superbam fecunditate, subnixam popularibus studiis inhiare dominationi apud Caesarem arguerent. (Cornelius Tacitus, Annales, LIBER IV, chapter 12 12:5)

  (코르넬리우스 타키투스, 연대기, , 12장 12:5)

• unde dubitare cogor fato et sorte nascendi, ut cetera, ita principum inclinatio in hos, offensio in illos, an sit aliquid in nostris consiliis liceatque inter abruptam contumaciam et deforme obsequium pergere iter ambitione ac periculis vacuum. (Cornelius Tacitus, Annales, LIBER IV, chapter 20 20:8)

  (코르넬리우스 타키투스, 연대기, , 20장 20:8)

• et habet sectatores vel potius satellites, qui nondum contumaciam sententiarum, sed habitum vultumque eius sectantur, rigidi et tristes, quo tibi lasciviam exprobrent. (Cornelius Tacitus, Annales, LIBER XVI, chapter 22 22:8)

  (코르넬리우스 타키투스, 연대기, , 22장 22:8)

유의어 사전

1. Pervicacia and perseverantia denote adherence to what is once resolved upon as a virtue; pervicacia (from vincere? vigere?) has its foundation in natural energy of disposition; perseverantia, in earnestness of character, formed by cultivation; whereas pertinacia and contumacia as a fault; pertinacia has its foundation in a stiff-necked adherence to what is once resolved upon, like obstinacy and stubbornness, in opp. to condescension; contumacia (from temere, contemnere) in a haughty maintenance of one’s free-will, even against proper and legitimate superiority, like insolence and refractoriness, in opp. to complaisance, obsequium. Tac. Ann. iv. 20. Hist. iv. 74. Accius apud Non. Tu pertinacem esse, Antiloche, hanc prædicas, ego pervicaciam esse aio et a me uti volo, etc. Cic. inv. ii. 54. Unicuique virtuti finitimum vitium reperietur, ut pertinacia, quæ finitima perseverantiæ est: comp. with Balb. 27. Marc. 10. 2. Pervicacia, etc. denote persisting in a resolution once made; destinatio and obstinatio are more immediately connected with the making of the resolution; destinatio, the making of an unalterable resolution, decidedness; obstinatio, adhering to it in spite of insurmountable obstacles and reasonable remonstrances, obstinacy. (iv. 176.)

출처: Döderlein's Hand-book of Latin Synonymes by Ludwig von Doederlein