뜻

1. 두려움, 공포, 놀람, 겁

1. fear, alarm, terror, dread, fright, horror

예문

• Undique terrent eum formidines et involvunt pedes eius. (Biblia Sacra Vulgata, Liber Iob, 18 18:11)

  공포가 사방에서 그를 덮치고 걸음마다 그를 뒤쫓는다네. (불가타 성경, 욥기, 18장 18:11)

• "Fabulis miris explere pectus, aufer, formidines pueriles, comminus cum re ipsa naviter congredere, et a nexu quidem venerio hospitis tuae tempera et probi Milonis genialem torum religiosus!" (Apuleius, Metamorphoses, book 2 6:10)

  (아풀레이우스, 변신, 2권 6:10)

• Cessent autem quaeso formidines, quae nobis intentantur ex more, cum ambigi nequeat, non inertia nos sed modestia, pugnas interdum excepisse potius quam intulisse, et nostra quotiens lacessimur, fortissimo bonae conscientiae spiritu defensare, id experiendo legendoque scientes, in proeliis quibusdam raro rem titubasse Romanam, in summa vero bellorum numquam ad deteriora prolapsam." (Ammianus Marcellinus, Rerum Gestarum libri qui supersunt, Liber XVII, chapter 5 14:1)

  (암미아누스 마르켈리누스, 사건 연대기, , 5장 14:1)

• uerum ego ista propterea commemoraui, non quod pinnarum formidines et fuliginis maculam te praesertim iudice timerem, sed ut ne impunitum foret Crasso, crassum quod Aemiliano, homini rustico, fumum uendidit. (Apuleius, Apologia 58:7)

  (아풀레이우스, 변명 58:7)

• QUALIS mihi fuerit in oppido Eleusino disceptatio cum quodam praestigioso, tempora verborum et puerilia ignorante, remotarum autem quaestionum nebulas et formidines capiendis imperitorum animis ostentante. (Aulus Gellius, Attic Nights, LIBER OCTAVUS , X 10:1)

  (아울루스 겔리우스, 아테네의 밤, , 10:1)

유의어 사전

1. Vereri (ὁρᾶν?) like αἰδεῖσθαι, has its foundation in what is strikingly venerable; metuere and timere, like δεῖσαι; and φοβεῖσθαι, in the threatening danger of an object. The timens and metuens fear the danger; the verens, the disgrace and shame. Cic. Phil. xii. 12. Quid? veteranos non veremur? nam timeri ne ipsi quidem volunt. Sen. 11, 37. Metuebant eum servi, verebantur liberi, carum omnes habebant. Liv. xxxix. 37. Veremur quidem vos Romani et si ita vultis etiam timemus. Afran. ap. Gell. xv. 13. Ubi malunt metui, quam vereri se ab suis. Senec. Ir. iii. 32. Quibusdam timeamus irasci, quibusdam vereamur. 2. Metus (ματᾶν) is fear, only as the anticipation of an impending evil, and reflection upon it, the apprehension that proceeds from foresight and prudence, like δέος, synonymously with cautio; whereas timor (from τρέμω), the fear that proceeds from cowardice and weakness. Or, metus is an intellectual notion; fear, as from reflection, in opp. to spes; for instances, see Cic. Verr. ii. 54. Off. ii. 6. Liv. xxx. 9. Suet. Aug. 25. Tac. H. i. 18. Ann. ii. 12, 38. Sen. Ep. 5. Suet. Aug. 5. Cels. ii. 6. Curt. viii. 6:—whereas timor is a moral notion, fear as a feeling, in opp. to fiducia, animus. Cic. Divin. ii. 31. Att. v. 20. Rull. i. 8. Sallust. Jug. ii. 3. Tac. Hist. ii. 80. Plin. Ep. v. 17. 3. In the like manner are spes, hope, and fiducia, confidence, distinguished. Sen. Ep. 16. Jam de te spem habeo, nondum fiduciam. Tac. Agr. 2. Nec spem modo ac votum securitas publica, sed ipsius voti fiduciam ac robur assumpserit. Suet. Cl. 10. Aliquanto minore spe quam fiducia. Liv. x. 25. Curt. ix. 4, 25. 4. Timor denotes fear, as a temporary state; timiditas, fearfulness, as an habitual quality, which is connected with ignavia, as a more precise expression for the more general feeling. Lactant. iii. 17. Epicurus . . . ignavum prohibet accedere ad rem publicam, pigrum exercere, timidum militare. Ignavia is inaptitude for any noble action, and particularly for deeds of valor; timiditas is, under certain circumstances, excusable; ignavia is absolutely blamable. 5. Metus and timor have their foundation in reflection, whereby a person is made clearly aware of the object and ground of his apprehension; whereas horror and formido is an immediate feeling, which overpowers the understanding by the dreadful image of the nearness of some horrid object, and can give no account of the ground of its fear; formido (fremere) expresses this state immediately as a state of mind, like ὀῤῥωδία; whereas horror (χέρσος) as the bodily expression of this state, by the hair standing on end, the eyes wildly staring, etc., like φρίκη. Tac. H. iv. 45. Metus per omnes ac præcipua Germanici militis formido. (ii. 190.)

출처: Döderlein's Hand-book of Latin Synonymes by Ludwig von Doederlein