뜻

1. 질투, 부러움, 선망, 편견, 원한
2. 증오, 비난, 악평

1. envy, grudge, jealousy, prejudice, spite
2. an object of ill-will
3. odium, unpopularity, dislike, infamy, ill-will, envy

예문

• an verear ne, qui potentissimorum hominum conspirationem neglexerit pro mea salute, is pro honore meo pusillorum ac malevolorum obtrectationes et invidias non prosternat atque obterat? (M. Tullius Cicero, Epistulae ad Familiares, LIBER QVINTVS: AD Q. METELLVM ET CETEROS, letter 9 1:4)

  (마르쿠스 툴리우스 키케로, 친구들에게 보낸 편지들, , 1:4)

• patiens laborum, acri ingenio, satis prouidens, belli haud ignarus, firmissimus contra pericula et invidias. (Sallust, The Jugurthine War, chapter 28 28:8)

  (살루스티우스, , 28장 28:8)

• Deponentes igitur omnem ma litiam et omnem dolum et simu lationes et invidias et omnes detractiones, (Biblia Sacra Vulgata, Epistula I Petri, 2 2:1)

  그러므로 모든 악의와 모든 거짓과 위선과 시기, 그리고 모든 중상을 버리십시오. (불가타 성경, 베드로의 첫째 서간, 2장 2:1)

• Quantum autem ad pusillas illas invidias et aemulationes (quae inter principes haud parvo rerum suarum detrimento intercedere solent) nihil tale in eo cernere erat, sed suas res sedulo et solide agebat. (FRANCIS BACON, HISTORIA REGNI HENRICI SEPTIMI REGIS ANGLIAE, CAPITULUM UNDECIMUM 4:3)

  (, , 4:3)

• Responderunt fratres eius: " Numquid rex noster eris? Aut subiciemur dicioni tuae? ". Haec ergo causa somniorum atque sermonum, invidiae et odii fomitem ministravit. (Biblia Sacra Vulgata, Liber Genesis, 37 37:8)

  그러자 형들이 그에게 말하였다. “네가 우리의 임금이라도 될 셈이냐? 네가 우리를 다스리기라도 하겠다는 말이냐?” 그리하여 형들은 그의 꿈과 그가 한 말 때문에 그를 더욱 미워하게 되었다. (불가타 성경, 창세기, 37장 37:8)

유의어 사전

Invidia denotes looking askance, as a sign that a man grudges something to another, from moral or immoral motives, not necessarily, though especially, from self-love, like ὑποψία; whereas livor (from χλεύη, or χλοιά), denotes the self-tormenting envy, which poisons the whole soul, and deprives the body itself of its fresh healthy color. 2. Invidia is the usual term for envy, whether active, as that which a man harbors, or passive, as a state in which a man stands; whereas invidentia is a new term of Cicero’s for the envy which a man harbors. 3. Invidia and livor denote envy as a temporary state, whereas malignitas as an habitual quality and disposition, in opp. to goodness of heart. The invidus and lividus grudge particular persons particular advantages, in particular cases; but the malignus wishes well to nobody but himself. 4. Invidia, livor, malignitas, denote a feeling and state of mind, whereas obtrectatio denotes an action, or manner of acting, proceeding from this feeling, inasmuch as it seeks to injure the envied person by dishonorable means, namely, detraction. Obtrectatio can scarcely be conceived as existing without invidia, but invidia may without obtrectatio, if the envious person is too cowardly to enter into conflict with the envied. 5. Obtrectatio supposes a rival, and has its origin in jealousy; whereas detrectatio only an enemy in general, and proceeds principally from antipathy. (iii. 65.)

1. Odium and invidia denote the feeling of aversion; inimicitia and simultas, the exterior state arising from this feeling. 2. Invidia has a negative character, like disaffection, like δύσνοια, and is a temporary feeling, in opp. to gratia or favor; whereas odium (from ὀδύσασθαι) has a character thoroughly positive, like hatred, μῖσος, and is a deep-rooted feeling, in opp. to amor. Plin. Pan. 68, 7. Hence, invidia is the beginning of odium. Invidia has merely persons; odium, persons and things for its objects. Tac. Ann. ii. 56. Armenii . . . sæpius discordes sunt, adversus Romanos odio, et in Parthum invidia. xiii. 15. Nero intellecta invidia odium intendit. Plin. Pan. 84, 2. Exardescit invidia, cujus finis est odium. 3. Inimicitia denotes any enmity which has its foundation in antipathy or disagreement, like δυσμένεια, ἔχθρα; whereas simultas (ὁμαλότης) denotes a political enmity, which has its foundation in rivalship, like φιλονεικία. Suet. Vesp. 6. Simultas quam ex æmulatione non obscuræ gerebant. (iii. 73.)

출처: Döderlein's Hand-book of Latin Synonymes by Ludwig von Doederlein