뜻

1. 가식, 변장, 가장, 겉보기, 외관
2. 위선, 간사, 사기, 기만

1. feigning, shamming, pretence, feint
2. insincerity, deceit, hypocrisy
3. simulation

예문

• "cuiauis oratio insimulari potest, si ea quae ex prioribus nexa sunt principio sui defrudentur, si quaedam ex ordine scriptorum ad lubidinem supprimantur, si quae simulationis causa dicta sunt adseuerantis pronuntiatione quam exprobrantis legantur." (Apuleius, Apologia 80:17)

  (아풀레이우스, 변명 80:17)

• ea fama vagatvr hoc est reditus fama tantum fuit, non et simulationis; (Maurus Servius Honoratus, Commentary on the Aeneid of Vergil, SERVII GRAMMATICI IN VERGILII AENEIDOS LIBRVM SECVNDVM COMMENTARIVS., commline 17 17:5)

  (마우루스 세르비우스 호노라투스, , , 17:5)

• in specie autem fictae simulationis sicut reliquae virtutes item pietas inesse non potest; (M. Tullius Cicero, De Natura Deorum, LIBER PRIMUS 3:5)

  (마르쿠스 툴리우스 키케로, 신의 본질에 관하여, 3:5)

• verum aliquanto magis propria fuit virtus simulationis, satisfaciendi rogandi εἰρωνεία quae diversum ei quod dicit intellectum petit. (Quintilian, Institutio Oratoria, Liber VI 88:3)

  (퀸틸리아누스, 변론 가정 교육, 88:3)

• Verum rex Carolus, tum quod ius legatorum inviolatum servare volebat, tum conscius sibi quod in hoc negotio pacis ad regem Angliae collatus ipse simulationis palmam mereretur, severe edixit ne ulla fieret aut verbo aut facto in Anglos legatos, aut eorum comitatum et famulitium, contumelia. (FRANCIS BACON, HISTORIA REGNI HENRICI SEPTIMI REGIS ANGLIAE, CAPITULUM TERTIUM 7:5)

  (, , 7:5)

유의어 사전

1. Imitari means merely the effort to produce something like some other thing, without any accessory moral notion; æmulari (from αἴσιμος) means, at the same time, to do something which shall gain equal or superior consideration, honor, and approbation, when compared with the thing imitated. Imitatio has in view only the thing itself, and is generally moderate and laudable; æmulatio has in view chiefly the person, who is already in possession of the quality worthy of imitation, and always seems more or less a passion, which deserves praise or blame, according as it has its foundation in the lover of honor, or in immoderate ambition. Plin. Ep. vii. 30. Demosthenis orationem habui in manibus, non ut æmularer (improbum enim ac pæne furiosum) at tamen imitarer ac sequerer tantum. Comp. i. 2, 2. viii. 5, 13. Quintil. i. 2, 26. Cic. Tusc. iv. 8, 17. 2. The æmulus is at first behind his opponent, and strives for a time only to come up to him, and be like him; whereas the certator and concertator are already on a par with their opponent, and strive to outdo him, and conquer him. 3. Æmulatio contends for superiority in any art; rivalitas, only for preference in estimation. Cic. Tusc. iv. 26, 56. Illa vitiosa æmulatione, quæ rivalitati similis est, quid habet utilitatis? 4. Imitatio is an effort to become something which a man at present is not, but fain would be, and really can become; whereas simulatio, an effort to pass for something which a man properly and naturally is not, nor ever can be. Imitatio is the means of attaining to an actual or presumptive ideal; whereas simulatio remains for ever a mere counterfeit. (iii. 64.)

출처: Döderlein's Hand-book of Latin Synonymes by Ludwig von Doederlein