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기본형: rūpēs, rūpis
Caesar postquam equitatu ante praemisso inscius insidiarum cum ad eum locum venisset, adversarii sive obliti praeceptorum Labieni sive veriti ne in fossa ab equitibus opprimerentur, rari ac singuli de rupe prodire et summa petere collis. (CAESAR, INCERTI AVCTORIS DE BELLO AFRICO 50:4)
(카이사르, 아프리카 전기 50:4)
excisaque rupe in immensum elata, quam cremando vi magna flammarum acetoque infuso dissolvit, per Druentiam flumen, gurgitibus vagis intutum, regiones occupavit Etruscas. (Ammianus Marcellinus, Rerum Gestarum libri qui supersunt, Liber XV, chapter 10 11:5)
(암미아누스 마르켈리누스, 사건 연대기, , 10장 11:5)
Eusebium super his, cui erat Constantiani thalami cura commissa, alte spirantem et dirum, addixere iudices poenae letali, quem ab ima sorte ad usque iubendum imperatoria paene elatum, ideoque intolerabilem, humanorum spectatrix Adrastia aurem (quod dicitur) vellens, monensque ut castigatius viveret, reluctantem, praecipitem tamquam e rupe quadam egit excelsa. (Ammianus Marcellinus, Rerum Gestarum libri qui supersunt, Liber XXII: Julianus, chapter 3 12:1)
(암미아누스 마르켈리누스, 사건 연대기, , 3장 12:1)
rupe ferventis residens in Aetnae, (Seneca, Thyestes 596:1)
(세네카, 596:1)
ubi sedit alta rupe semifero dolos Sphinx ore nectens. (Seneca, Phoenissae 121:1)
(세네카, 121:1)
1. Saxum, rupes, and cautes, are greater; lapis, calx, and scrupus, smaller masses of stone. Plin. H. N. xxxvi. 22. Silex viridis ubi invenitur, lapis, non saxum est. 2. Saxa (from ψεκάσ, ψήχω) are greater masses of stone, in whatever form, like πέτραι; rupes and petræ (πέτραι, from πεσεῖν) are steep and high, like rocks, and therefore difficult to climb; cautes and scopuli are rough and pointed, like crags, and therefore threaten danger; the cautes are smaller, and also not visible in the water, and therefore deceitful; the scopuli (from κόψαι) jutting upwards, threaten and announce danger, like σκόπελοι. 3. Lapis (ἄλιψ) is the most general expression, and denotes the stone only as a material substance, without regard to its form, like λίθος; calculus, is a smooth, generally round pebble; scrupulus, a rough, generally angular pebble; but for this meaning of scrupulus, the dimin. of scrupus, we have only the authority of grammarians; in authors it has only the figurative meaning of scruple. (v. 191.)
출처: Döderlein's Hand-book of Latin Synonymes by Ludwig von Doederlein
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