뜻

1. 병, 질병, 질환, 전염병, 역병
2. 유해물, 해충
3. 파괴, 파멸, 죽음

1. a disease, plague
2. a pest
3. destruction, ruin, death

예문

• stratae passim matres crinibus templa verrentes veniam irarum caelestium finemque pesti exposcunt. (Titus Livius (Livy), Ab Urbe Condita, Liber III 81:1)

  (티투스 리비우스, 로마 건국사, 81:1)

• praecipve infelix propter casum futurum, ut probant sequentia 'pesti devota futurae'. ideo ergo infelix. (Maurus Servius Honoratus, Commentary on the Aeneid of Vergil, SERVII GRAMMATICI IN VERGILII AENEIDOS LIBRVM PRIMVM COMMENTARIVS., commline 712 659:1)

  (마우루스 세르비우스 호노라투스, , , 659:1)

• 'pesti' autem amori vel malo. (Maurus Servius Honoratus, Commentary on the Aeneid of Vergil, SERVII GRAMMATICI IN VERGILII AENEIDOS LIBRVM PRIMVM COMMENTARIVS., commline 712 659:2)

  (마우루스 세르비우스 호노라투스, , , 659:2)

• sagittas, quibus infernus deus et noxius indicatur, unde etiam Apollo dictus est ἀπο` τοῦ ἀπολλύειν. hinc est quod et Homerus eundem tam pesti- lentiae dicit quam salutis auctorem, et Horatius ait "condito mi- tis placidusque telo supplices audi pueros, Apollo": (Maurus Servius Honoratus, In Vergilii Bucolicon Librum, ECLOGA QVINTA., commline 66 51:12)

  (마우루스 세르비우스 호노라투스, , , 51:12)

• Iam Atheniensium populi potestatem omnium rerum ipsi, ne alios requiramus, ad furorem multitudinis licentiamque conversam pesti deterrimus et ex hac vel optimatium vel factiosa tyrannica illa vel regia vel etiam persaepe popularis, itemque ex ea genus aliquod ecflorescere ex illis, quae ante dixi, solet, mirique sunt orbes et quasi circumitus in rebus publicis commutationum et vicissitudinum; (M. Tullius Cicero, De Republica, Liber Primus 73:6)

  (마르쿠스 툴리우스 키케로, 국가론, 73:6)

유의어 사전

1. Lues (from λοιμός) denotes epidemic disease, as proceeding from an impure morbid matter; contagium (from contingere? or κατατήκειν?) as contagious; pestilentia, as a disease reigning in the land, and especially as a pestilence. Sall. Cat. 10. Post ubi contagia quasi pestilentia invasit. Plin. H. N. xxiii. 28. Laurus folia pestilentiæ contagia prohibent. Lucan. vi. 86. Fluidæ contagia pestis. 2. Pestis is used for pestilence itself only by the poets; otherwise it denotes, like exitium and pernicies (from necare), that which destroys in general, without reference to disease; but pestis is, according to rule, used as a concrete, exitium and pernicies as abstract terms. Sen. N. Q. iii. pr. Philippi aut Alexandri . . . . qui exitio gentium clari non minores fuere pestes mortalium quam inundatio. 3. Pernicies has an active meaning, and denotes the destruction of a living being by murder; whereas exitium has a passive meaning, and denotes the destruction even of lifeless objects by annihilation; lastly, interitus has, like exitus, a neutral meaning, the destruction of living or lifeless objects by decay. Tac. Ann. xiv. 65. Poppæa non nisi in perniciem uxoris nupta; postremo crimen omni exitio gravius: and ii. 68. Cic. Cat. iv. 3. Cum de pernicie populi Romani, exitio hujus urbis cogitarit. Rull. ii. 4, 10. Extremi exitiorum exitus. 4. Exitium is a violent, exitus a natural end. Cic. Rull. ii. 4, 10. Qui civitatum afflictarum perditis jam rebus extremi exitiorum solent esse exitus, is, as it were, the last breath of a state that is being destroyed; like Verr. v. 6, 12 Exitus exitiales. (ii. 62. iii. 176.)

출처: Döderlein's Hand-book of Latin Synonymes by Ludwig von Doederlein