뜻

1. 무서운, 무시무시한, 소름이 끼치는
2. 불온한, 험악한, 심상치 않은
3. 지독한, 불쾌한, 증오할, 몹시 싫은

1. fearful
2. ominous
3. (of character) dreadful, detestable

예문

• sed tē moneō: poena dīra tē manet; sērius ōcius aut ego aut posterī ultiōnem tibi exigent.’ (Oxford Latin Course I, Infēlix Dīdō 12:29)

  하지만 당신에게 경고합니다: 무시무시한 저주를 당신에게 둡니다; 느리던 빠르던, 나나 내 후손들이거나 당신에게 복수할 겁니다.' (옥스포드 라틴 코스 1권, 12:29)

• sed omnēs tacitī stābant, rē dīrā obstupefactī. (Oxford Latin Course II, Idūs Martiae 26:19)

  그러나 모두들 무시무시한 사건에 놀라서 조용히 서 있을 뿐이었다. (옥스포드 라틴 코스 2권, 26:19)

• Fili, in mortuum produc lacrimas et, quasi dira passus, incipe lamentationem et secundum iudicium contege corpus illius et non despicias sepulturam illius. (Biblia Sacra Vulgata, Liber Ecclesiasticus, 38 38:16)

  얘야, 죽은 사람을 위해 눈물을 흘리고 극심한 고통을 겪는 이처럼 애도를 시작하여라. 죽은 사람의 처지에 따라 그 시체를 염하고 그의 장례를 소홀히 치르지 마라. (불가타 성경, 집회서, 38장 38:16)

• "hunc neque dira venena nec hosticus auferet ensisnec laterum dolor aut tussis nec tarda podagra: (SERMONVM Q. HORATI FLACCI, PRIMVS, 09 9:34)

  (호라티우스의 풍자, 1권, 09장 9:34)

• Sed dira illa femina et malitiae novercalis exemplar unicum, non acerba filii morte, non parricidii conscientia, non infortunio domus, non luctu mariti vel aerumna funeris commota cladem familiae in vindictae compendium traxit, missoque protinus cursore, qui vianti marita domus expugnationem nuntiaret, ac mox eodem ocius ab itinere regresso, personata nimia temeritate in- simulat privigni veneno filium suum interceptum. (Apuleius, Metamorphoses, book 10 5:3)

  (아풀레이우스, 변신, 10권 5:3)

유의어 사전

1. Atrox, trux, and truculentus, (from τρηχύσ, ταράξαι), denote that which has an exterior exciting fear; that which makes an impression of terror on the fancy, and eye, and ear; atrox, indeed, as a property of things, but trux and truculentus as properties of persons; whereas dirus and sævus mean that which is really an object of fear, and threatens danger; dirus, indeed (from δέος), according to its own nature, as a property of things, means dreadful, δεινός; but sævus (from αἶ, heu!) according to the character of the person, as a property of living beings, means blood-thirsty, cruel, αἰνός. Plin. Pan. 53. Atrocissima effigies sævissimi domini. Mela ii. 7. Ionium pelagus . . . atrox, sævum; that is, looking dangerous, and often enough also bringing misfortune. 2. Trux denotes dreadfulness of look, of the voice, and so forth, in the tragic or heroic sense, as a mark of a wild disposition or of a cruel purpose; but truculentus, in the ordinary and comic sense, as a mark of ill-humor or trivial passion; the slave in Plautus is truculentus; the wrathful Achilles is trux. Sometimes, however, truculentior and truculentissimus serve as the comparative and superlative of trux. 3. Trux and truculentus vultus is a terrific, angry look, like τραχύς; torvus, merely a stern, sharp, and wild look, as τορόν, or ταυρηδὸν βλέπειν. Plin. H. N. xi. 54. Contuitu quoque multiformes; truces, torvi, flagrantes. Quintil. vi. 1. 43. (i. 40.)

출처: Döderlein's Hand-book of Latin Synonymes by Ludwig von Doederlein