뜻

1. 해로운, 유해한, 상하게 하는, 파괴적인, 불공평한
2. 유죄의, 죄를 범한, 과실이 있는, 불명예스러운, 죄를 범하고 있는

1. Hurtful, harmful, injurious, noxious.
2. Guilty, culpable, criminal. delinquent.

예문

• dein quod nanctus hominem Sardum, quem ipse postea per dolosas fallacias interemit, ut circumtulit rumor, eliciendi animulas noxias, et praesagia sollicitare larvarum, perquam gnarum: (Ammianus Marcellinus, Rerum Gestarum libri qui supersunt, Liber XXVIII, chapter 1 7:2)

  (암미아누스 마르켈리누스, 사건 연대기, , 1장 7:2)

• Eoque omnium acerrimos facile dixeris bellatores, quod procul missilibus telis, acutis ossibus pro spiculorum acumine, arte mira coagmentatis, et distantiis decursis comminus ferro sine sui respectu confligunt, hostisque dum mucronum noxias observant, contortis laciniis illigant, ut laqueatis resistentium membris, equitandi vel gradiendi adimant facultatem. (Ammianus Marcellinus, Rerum Gestarum libri qui supersunt, Liber XXXI, chapter 2 9:1)

  (암미아누스 마르켈리누스, 사건 연대기, , 2장 9:1)

• noxias lapsu vias (Seneca, Phoenissae 150:2)

  (세네카, 150:2)

• Nam quercus etiam excisa radices noxias oliveto relinquit, quarum virus enecat oleam. (Columella, Lucius Junius Moderatus, Res Rustica, book 5, chapter 8 7:3)

  (콜루멜라, 루키우스 유니우스 모데라투스, 농업론, 5권, 8장 7:3)

• quae provideri astu ducis oportuerit, providisse, campos madentis et ipsis gnaros, paludes hostibus noxias. (Cornelius Tacitus, Historiae, LIBER V, chapter 17 17:7)

  (코르넬리우스 타키투스, 역사, , 17장 17:7)

유의어 사전

1. Culpa (κολάψαι) denotes guilt as the state of one who has to answer for an injury, peccatum, delictum, maleficium, scelus, flagitium, or nefas; hence a responsibility, and, consequently, a rational being is supposed, in opp. to casus, Cic. Att. xi. 9. Vell. P. ii. 118, or to necessitas, Suet. Cl. 15; whereas noxia, as the state of one who has caused an injury, and can therefore be applied to any that is capable of producing an effect, in opp. to innocentia. Liv. iii. 42, 2. Illa modo in ducibus culpa, quod ut odio essent civibus fecerant; alia omnis penes milites noxia erat. Cic. Marc. 13. Etsi aliqua culpa tenemur erroris humani, a scelere certe liberati sumus; and Ovid, Trist. iv. 1, 23. Et culpam in facto, non scelus esse meo, coll. 4, 37; hence culpa is used as a general expression for every kind of fault, and especially for a fault of the lighter sort, as delictum. 2. Culpa and noxia suppose an injurious action; but vitium (from αὐάτη, ἄτη) merely an action or quality deserving censure, and also an undeserved natural defect. 3. Nocens, innocens, denote guilt, or absence of guilt, in a specified case, with regard to a single action; but noxius, innoxius, together with the poetical words nocuus, innocuus, relate to the nature and character in general. Plaut. Capt. iii. 5, 7. Decet innocentem servum atque innoxium confidentem esse; that is, a servant who knows himself guiltless of some particular action, and who, in general, does nothing wrong. 4. Noxius denotes a guilty person only physically, as the author and cause of an injury, like βλαβερός; but sons (ὀνοτός) morally and juridically, as one condemned, or worthy of condemnation, like θῶος. (ii. 152.)

출처: Döderlein's Hand-book of Latin Synonymes by Ludwig von Doederlein