뜻

1. 해로운, 유해한, 상하게 하는, 파괴적인, 불공평한
2. 유죄의, 죄를 범한, 과실이 있는, 불명예스러운, 죄를 범하고 있는

1. Hurtful, harmful, injurious, noxious.
2. Guilty, culpable, criminal. delinquent.

예문

• Parvulos tuos resalutamus et in Christo tibi grandescere optamus, qui iam in hac aetate cernunt quam sit amor huius saeculi periculosus et noxius. (Augustine, Saint, Epistulae. Selections., 26. (A. D. 409 Epist. XCIX) Religiosissimae Atque In Christi Membris Merito Sancteque Laudabili Famulae Dei Italicae Augustinus In Domino salutem 3:2)

  (아우구스티누스, 편지들, 3:2)

• Sublata cunctatione accusator ille meum noxius, ipse etiam pastoralis exsecutor sententiae, laetus et meis insultans malis calcisque illius admonitus, quam inefficacem fuisse mehercules doleo, protinus gladium cotis attritu parabat. (Apuleius, Metamorphoses, book 7 20:11)

  (아풀레이우스, 변신, 7권 20:11)

• Abunde itaque luxurians ita est noxius, ut infructuosus, si venerit parcior: (Ammianus Marcellinus, Rerum Gestarum libri qui supersunt, Liber XXII: Julianus, chapter 15 13:1)

  (암미아누스 마르켈리누스, 사건 연대기, , 15장 13:1)

• Unde emergens itidem noxius spiritus, perseveranti odore quidquid prope venerat corrumpebat, absque spadonibus solis, quod qua causa eveniat, rationibus physicis permittatur. (Ammianus Marcellinus, Rerum Gestarum libri qui supersunt, Liber XXIII, chapter 6 18:2)

  (암미아누스 마르켈리누스, 사건 연대기, , 6장 18:2)

• avibusque saevis quas Cithaeron noxius (Seneca, Phoenissae 260:1)

  (세네카, 260:1)

유의어 사전

1. Culpa (κολάψαι) denotes guilt as the state of one who has to answer for an injury, peccatum, delictum, maleficium, scelus, flagitium, or nefas; hence a responsibility, and, consequently, a rational being is supposed, in opp. to casus, Cic. Att. xi. 9. Vell. P. ii. 118, or to necessitas, Suet. Cl. 15; whereas noxia, as the state of one who has caused an injury, and can therefore be applied to any that is capable of producing an effect, in opp. to innocentia. Liv. iii. 42, 2. Illa modo in ducibus culpa, quod ut odio essent civibus fecerant; alia omnis penes milites noxia erat. Cic. Marc. 13. Etsi aliqua culpa tenemur erroris humani, a scelere certe liberati sumus; and Ovid, Trist. iv. 1, 23. Et culpam in facto, non scelus esse meo, coll. 4, 37; hence culpa is used as a general expression for every kind of fault, and especially for a fault of the lighter sort, as delictum. 2. Culpa and noxia suppose an injurious action; but vitium (from αὐάτη, ἄτη) merely an action or quality deserving censure, and also an undeserved natural defect. 3. Nocens, innocens, denote guilt, or absence of guilt, in a specified case, with regard to a single action; but noxius, innoxius, together with the poetical words nocuus, innocuus, relate to the nature and character in general. Plaut. Capt. iii. 5, 7. Decet innocentem servum atque innoxium confidentem esse; that is, a servant who knows himself guiltless of some particular action, and who, in general, does nothing wrong. 4. Noxius denotes a guilty person only physically, as the author and cause of an injury, like βλαβερός; but sons (ὀνοτός) morally and juridically, as one condemned, or worthy of condemnation, like θῶος. (ii. 152.)

출처: Döderlein's Hand-book of Latin Synonymes by Ludwig von Doederlein