뜻

1. 부끄러움, 욕, 치욕
2. 모욕, 욕, 악담

1. disgrace, shame
2. abuse, insult

예문

• Quae probra aliaque his maiora, dissimulatione iugi neglecta, ita effrenatius exarserunt, ut nec Epimenides ille Cretensis, si fabularum ritu ab inferis excitatus redisset ad nostra, solus purgare sufficeret Romam: (Ammianus Marcellinus, Rerum Gestarum libri qui supersunt, Liber XXVIII, chapter 4 5:1)

  (암미아누스 마르켈리누스, 사건 연대기, , 4장 5:1)

• quo nomine ob assidua in personas honorabiles probra, diebus dictis aliquotiens sunt damnati, e quibus ita sunt rudes non nulli, ut numquam se codices habuisse meminerint. (Ammianus Marcellinus, Rerum Gestarum libri qui supersunt, Liber XXX, chapter 4 16:2)

  (암미아누스 마르켈리누스, 사건 연대기, , 4장 16:2)

• Cuius meritis Valentinianus ab ineunte adulescentia commendabilis, contextu suarum quoque suffragante virtutum, indutibus imperatoriae maiestatis apud Nicaeam ornatus, in Augustum collegium fratrem Valentem adscivit, ut germanitate ita concordia sibi iunctissimum, inter probra medium et praecipua, quae loco docebimus competenti. (Ammianus Marcellinus, Rerum Gestarum libri qui supersunt, Liber XXX, chapter 7 4:1)

  (암미아누스 마르켈리누스, 사건 연대기, , 7장 4:1)

• Omnia mala, probra, flagitia, quae homines faciunt, in duabus rebus sunt, malitia atque nequitia. (Aulus Gellius, Attic Nights, A. Gellii Noctium Atticarum Liber Sextus, XI 10:2)

  (아울루스 겔리우스, 아테네의 밤, , 10:2)

• Sed hoc potius, inquit, dolori mihi et aegritudini est, quod istiusmodi animalia spurca atque probra nomen usurpant et philosophi appellantur. (Aulus Gellius, Attic Nights, Liber Nonus, II 10:1)

  (아울루스 겔리우스, 아테네의 밤, , 10:1)

유의어 사전

1. Ignominia deprives one of political honor, which is independent of the reports circulated concerning a man, and is the consequence of an official denunciation, the justice of which is supposed; that of the censor, for example, like ἀτιμία; whereas infamia deprives one of moral honor, of one’s good name, has a reference to public scorn, and is the consequence of shameless and dishonorable conduct, like δυσφημία. 2. Ignominia and infamia are abstract, and denote subjective states; dedecus and probrum are concrete, and denote, objectively, disgrace itself; dedecus is a deviation from the conduct that becomes a man of honor, from whom noble actions are expected; probrum is a stain on the morality of a man, from whom, at least, irreproachable conduct is expected. Dedecus is incurred generally in our public relations, by abjectness of spirit, etc.; probrum, in our private relations, by licentiousness, etc. 3. Probrum (from προφέρω is reproach, as far as it can justly be made; opprobrium, reproach, as far as it actually is made. In probrum the disgrace itself is more considered; in opprobrium, the open proclamation of it.

Maledictum is any utterance of what is injurious to another, whether to bring him ill-luck by cursing, or disgrace by verbal injuries, like κακηγορία; probrum (from προφέρω) an invective, like ὄνειδος, consisting of attacks and assertions wounding the honor of another; convicium (καταικία) the abusive word, like λοιδορία, consisting of single words and appellations wounding the honor of another. For example, fur! is a convicium, fur es, a probrum; each of them a maledictum. (iv. 198.)

출처: Döderlein's Hand-book of Latin Synonymes by Ludwig von Doederlein