뜻

1. 부끄러움, 욕, 치욕
2. 모욕, 욕, 악담

1. disgrace, shame
2. abuse, insult

예문

• Hac antiquitate indutus P. Africanus, Pauli filius, vir omnibus bonis artibus atque omni virtute praeditus, P. Sulpicio Gallo, homini delicate, inter pleraque alia, quae obiectabat, id quoque probro dedit, quod tunicis uteretur manus totas operientibus. (Aulus Gellius, Attic Nights, A. Gellii Noctium Atticarum Liber Sextus, XII 5:1)

  (아울루스 겔리우스, 아테네의 밤, , 5:1)

• quid deos probro addimus? (Seneca, Agamemnon 6:32)

  (세네카, 아가멤논 6:32)

• Vetustissimi mortalium, nulla adhuc mala libidine, sine probro, scelere eoque sine poena aut coercitionibus agebant. (Cornelius Tacitus, Annales, LIBER III, chapter 26 26:1)

  (코르넬리우스 타키투스, 연대기, , 26장 26:1)

• Pompeius agitandi adversus Marcum Lepidum odii nanctus, ut socordem, inopem et maioribus suis dedecorum eoque etiam Asiae sorte depellendum incusavit, adverso senatu qui Lepidum mitem magis quam ignavum, paternas ei angustias et nobilitatem sine probro actam honori quam ignominiae habendam ducebat. (Cornelius Tacitus, Annales, LIBER III, chapter 32 32:3)

  (코르넬리우스 타키투스, 연대기, , 32장 32:3)

• C.D. 2.13 Cum artem ludicram scaenamque totam in probro ducerent, genus id hominum non modo honore civium reliquorum carere, sed etiam tribu moveri notatione censoria voluerunt. (M. Tullius Cicero, De Republica, Liber Quartus 23:2)

  (마르쿠스 툴리우스 키케로, 국가론, 23:2)

유의어 사전

1. Ignominia deprives one of political honor, which is independent of the reports circulated concerning a man, and is the consequence of an official denunciation, the justice of which is supposed; that of the censor, for example, like ἀτιμία; whereas infamia deprives one of moral honor, of one’s good name, has a reference to public scorn, and is the consequence of shameless and dishonorable conduct, like δυσφημία. 2. Ignominia and infamia are abstract, and denote subjective states; dedecus and probrum are concrete, and denote, objectively, disgrace itself; dedecus is a deviation from the conduct that becomes a man of honor, from whom noble actions are expected; probrum is a stain on the morality of a man, from whom, at least, irreproachable conduct is expected. Dedecus is incurred generally in our public relations, by abjectness of spirit, etc.; probrum, in our private relations, by licentiousness, etc. 3. Probrum (from προφέρω is reproach, as far as it can justly be made; opprobrium, reproach, as far as it actually is made. In probrum the disgrace itself is more considered; in opprobrium, the open proclamation of it.

Maledictum is any utterance of what is injurious to another, whether to bring him ill-luck by cursing, or disgrace by verbal injuries, like κακηγορία; probrum (from προφέρω) an invective, like ὄνειδος, consisting of attacks and assertions wounding the honor of another; convicium (καταικία) the abusive word, like λοιδορία, consisting of single words and appellations wounding the honor of another. For example, fur! is a convicium, fur es, a probrum; each of them a maledictum. (iv. 198.)

출처: Döderlein's Hand-book of Latin Synonymes by Ludwig von Doederlein