뜻

1. 부끄러움, 욕, 치욕
2. 모욕, 욕, 악담

1. disgrace, shame
2. abuse, insult

예문

• Quod Demosthenes rhetor cultu corporis atque vestitu probris obnoxio infamique munditia fuit; (Aulus Gellius, Attic Nights, A. Gellii Noctium Atticarum, Liber Primus, V 1:1)

  (아울루스 겔리우스, 아테네의 밤, , 1:1)

• Ad eundem modum Q. Hortensius omnibus ferme oratoribus aetatis suae, nisi M. Tullio, clarior, quod multa munditia et circumspecte compositeque indutus et amictus esset manusque eius inter agendum forent argutae admodum et gestuosae, maledictis compellationibusque probris iactatus est multaque in eum, quasi in histrionem, in ipsis causis atque iudiciis dicta sunt. (Aulus Gellius, Attic Nights, A. Gellii Noctium Atticarum, Liber Primus, V 3:1)

  (아울루스 겔리우스, 아테네의 밤, , 3:1)

• Igitur Caesar repetitis adversum nepotem et nurum probris increpitaque per edictum plebe, questus apud patres quod fraude unius senatoris imperatoria maiestas elusa publice foret, integra tamen sibi cuncta postulavit. (Cornelius Tacitus, Annales, LIBER V FRAGMENTVM, chapter 5 5:1)

  (코르넬리우스 타키투스, 연대기, , 5장 5:1)

• subtraheret auris conviciis et probris. (Cornelius Tacitus, Annales, LIBER XVI, chapter 26 26:2)

  (코르넬리우스 타키투스, 연대기, , 26장 26:2)

• non probris, non manibus abstinent; (Cornelius Tacitus, Historiae, LIBER II, chapter 44 44:7)

  (코르넬리우스 타키투스, 역사, , 44장 44:7)

유의어 사전

1. Ignominia deprives one of political honor, which is independent of the reports circulated concerning a man, and is the consequence of an official denunciation, the justice of which is supposed; that of the censor, for example, like ἀτιμία; whereas infamia deprives one of moral honor, of one’s good name, has a reference to public scorn, and is the consequence of shameless and dishonorable conduct, like δυσφημία. 2. Ignominia and infamia are abstract, and denote subjective states; dedecus and probrum are concrete, and denote, objectively, disgrace itself; dedecus is a deviation from the conduct that becomes a man of honor, from whom noble actions are expected; probrum is a stain on the morality of a man, from whom, at least, irreproachable conduct is expected. Dedecus is incurred generally in our public relations, by abjectness of spirit, etc.; probrum, in our private relations, by licentiousness, etc. 3. Probrum (from προφέρω is reproach, as far as it can justly be made; opprobrium, reproach, as far as it actually is made. In probrum the disgrace itself is more considered; in opprobrium, the open proclamation of it.

Maledictum is any utterance of what is injurious to another, whether to bring him ill-luck by cursing, or disgrace by verbal injuries, like κακηγορία; probrum (from προφέρω) an invective, like ὄνειδος, consisting of attacks and assertions wounding the honor of another; convicium (καταικία) the abusive word, like λοιδορία, consisting of single words and appellations wounding the honor of another. For example, fur! is a convicium, fur es, a probrum; each of them a maledictum. (iv. 198.)

출처: Döderlein's Hand-book of Latin Synonymes by Ludwig von Doederlein