뜻

1. 실패하다, 실망시키다, 낙담시키다
2. 결점이 있다
3. 저버리다, 포기하다, 버리다

1. I fail, disappoint or let down
2. I have shortcomings
3. I forsake, desert or abandon

예문

• Igitur non modo Cherusci sociique eorum, vetus Arminii miles, sumpsere bellum, sed e regno etiam Marobodui Suebae gentes, Semnones ac Langobardi, defecere ad eum. (Cornelius Tacitus, Annales, LIBER II, chapter 45 45:1)

  (코르넬리우스 타키투스, 연대기, , 45장 45:1)

• cum defecere, qui modo hospes fuerat, monstrator hospitii et comes; (Cornelius Tacitus, de Origine et Situ Germanorum Liber, chapter 21 2:4)

  (코르넬리우스 타키투스, 게르만 족의 기원과 위치, 21장 2:4)

• ipsae, quas mecum per mille pericula traxi, defecere deae; (C. Valerius Catullus, Argonautica, C. Valeri Flacci Argonauticon Liber Septimus. 287:1)

  (가이우스 발레리우스 카툴루스, 아르고나우티카, 287:1)

• Non tamen defecere animis Tyrii, quamquam ab ingenti spe destituti erant, sed coniuges liberosque devehendos Carthaginem tradiderunt, fortius, quidquid accideret, laturi, si carissimam sui partem extra sortem communis periculi habuissent. (Curtius Rufus, Quintus, Historiae Alexandri Magni, book 4, chapter 3 23:3)

  (쿠르티우스 루푸스, 퀸투스, 알렉산드로스 대왕 전기, 4권, 3장 23:3)

• "Defecere Bactriani, in quorum cervicibus stamus, et, quantum in nobis animi sit, alieno Marte experiuntur." (Curtius Rufus, Quintus, Historiae Alexandri Magni, book 7, chapter 7 11:5)

  (쿠르티우스 루푸스, 퀸투스, 알렉산드로스 대왕 전기, 7권, 7장 11:5)

유의어 사전

1. absum은 지역적 관계에서의 부재, 특정 장소에서 멀리 떨어져있음을 나타냄; 반면 desum은 존재의 불완전함으로써의 부재를 나타내고, '실패', '부족' 등의 뉘앙스를 지님(sum, supersum의 반댓말).

Cic. Brut. 80. Calidio hoc unum, si nihil utilitatis habebat, abfuit, si opus erat, defuit.

Cic. Verr. i. 11. Vererer ne oratio deesset, ne vox viresque deficerent. (v. 339.)

Turbæ and tumultus denote the civil broils of public life; turbæ (τύρβη) interruptions of public order; tumultus (from tumere) of the public peace; whereas seditio and secessio are political commotions, in consequence of decided, evident differences of opinion, and of conflicting principles; seditio (from se and ire) when concord is first disturbed, and the parties as yet contend with words only; secessio, when the prospect of reconciliation is already given up, and the parties either stand opposite each other, ready to come to blows, or, at least, have broken off all connection with each other. 2. The seditiosi and secedentes are citizens and members of a free community, and only suspend public concord; whereas the deficientes and desciscentes break a compact, because, either as subjected states they rebel, or as allies fall off; deficere, as the most general expression, represents the falling off, in a moral point of view, as a treacherous, fickle, cowardly desertion; desciscere (from scindere) in a political point of view, as an alteration in the constitution and political system. (v. 363.)

출처: Döderlein's Hand-book of Latin Synonymes by Ludwig von Doederlein