뜻

1. 실패하다, 실망시키다, 낙담시키다
2. 결점이 있다
3. 저버리다, 포기하다, 버리다

1. I fail, disappoint or let down
2. I have shortcomings
3. I forsake, desert or abandon

예문

• impulsos ab suis principibus, qui dicerent Haeduos a Caesare in servitutem redactos. Omnes indignitates contumeliasque perferre, et ab Haeduis defecisse et populo Romano bellum intulisse. (CAESAR, COMMENTARIORVM DE BELLO GALLICO, SECVNDVS, XIV 14:3)

  (카이사르, 갈리아 전기, 2권, 14장 14:3)

• Paucis ei diebus affertur conventum Cordubensem ab eo defecisse Marcellumque aut voluntate aut necessitate adductum — namque id varie nuntiabatur — consentire cum Cordubensibus; (CAESAR, INCERTI AVCTORIS DE BELLO ALEXANDRINO 57:11)

  (카이사르, 알렉산드리아 전기 57:11)

• hisque terroribus accedebat, quod cum lux caelestis operiretur, e mundi conspectu penitus lance abrepta, defecisse diutius solem pavidae mentes hominum aestimabant; (Ammianus Marcellinus, Rerum Gestarum libri qui supersunt, Liber XX , chapter 3 1:2)

  (암미아누스 마르켈리누스, 사건 연대기, , 3장 1:2)

• multi statim hausto ueneno obmutuisse aiunt excruciatumque doloribus nocte tota defecisse prope lucem. (C. Suetonius Tranquillus, De Vita Caesarum, Divus Claudius, chapter 44 3:1)

  (가이우스 수에토니우스 트란퀼루스, 황제전, , 44장 3:1)

• hoc tamen ipsum defecisse puta, quod inani sufficit alvo: (Juvenal, Satires, book 1, Satura V 5:4)

  (유베날리스, 풍자, 1권, 5:4)

유의어 사전

1. absum은 지역적 관계에서의 부재, 특정 장소에서 멀리 떨어져있음을 나타냄; 반면 desum은 존재의 불완전함으로써의 부재를 나타내고, '실패', '부족' 등의 뉘앙스를 지님(sum, supersum의 반댓말).

Cic. Brut. 80. Calidio hoc unum, si nihil utilitatis habebat, abfuit, si opus erat, defuit.

Cic. Verr. i. 11. Vererer ne oratio deesset, ne vox viresque deficerent. (v. 339.)

Turbæ and tumultus denote the civil broils of public life; turbæ (τύρβη) interruptions of public order; tumultus (from tumere) of the public peace; whereas seditio and secessio are political commotions, in consequence of decided, evident differences of opinion, and of conflicting principles; seditio (from se and ire) when concord is first disturbed, and the parties as yet contend with words only; secessio, when the prospect of reconciliation is already given up, and the parties either stand opposite each other, ready to come to blows, or, at least, have broken off all connection with each other. 2. The seditiosi and secedentes are citizens and members of a free community, and only suspend public concord; whereas the deficientes and desciscentes break a compact, because, either as subjected states they rebel, or as allies fall off; deficere, as the most general expression, represents the falling off, in a moral point of view, as a treacherous, fickle, cowardly desertion; desciscere (from scindere) in a political point of view, as an alteration in the constitution and political system. (v. 363.)

출처: Döderlein's Hand-book of Latin Synonymes by Ludwig von Doederlein