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기본형: culpa, culpae
Nam ut Cassiodorus ait, "Nisi culparum occasionesemerges, eciam locum pietas non haberet." (ALBERTANO OF BRESCIA, DE AMORE ET DILECTIONE DEI ET PROXIMI ET ALIARUM RERUM ET DE FORMA VITAE, LIBER IV 39:6)
(, , 39:6)
naturam poenae expositam, sed non vitiorum naturam expositam contactibus induit Iesus, atque ideo poenae nil debuit intemeratus, fraude carens, omni culparum aspergine liber. (Prudentius, Apotheosis, section 3 3:305)
(프루덴티우스, , 3:305)
perfusa non sic amne flamma extinguitur, nec sic calente sole tabcscunt nives, ut turbidarum scabra culparum seges vanescit almo trita sub ieiunio, si blanda semper misceatur largitas. (Prudentius, Liber Cathemerinon, Hymnus ieiunantium 7:58)
(프루덴티우스, , 7:58)
"me tunc ille puer virtutis pube secutus florentes animos sursum in mea regna tetendit, servatur quia certa mihi domus omnipotentis sub pedibus Domini, meque ad sublime vocantem victores caesa culparum labe capessunt." (Prudentius, Psychomachia, section 1 2:79)
(프루덴티우스, , 2:79)
nam pulsa Culparum acie Discordia nostros intrarat cuneos sociam mentita figuram. (Prudentius, Psychomachia, section 1 2:188)
(프루덴티우스, , 2:188)
1. Culpa (κολάψαι) denotes guilt as the state of one who has to answer for an injury, peccatum, delictum, maleficium, scelus, flagitium, or nefas; hence a responsibility, and, consequently, a rational being is supposed, in opp. to casus, Cic. Att. xi. 9. Vell. P. ii. 118, or to necessitas, Suet. Cl. 15; whereas noxia, as the state of one who has caused an injury, and can therefore be applied to any that is capable of producing an effect, in opp. to innocentia. Liv. iii. 42, 2. Illa modo in ducibus culpa, quod ut odio essent civibus fecerant; alia omnis penes milites noxia erat. Cic. Marc. 13. Etsi aliqua culpa tenemur erroris humani, a scelere certe liberati sumus; and Ovid, Trist. iv. 1, 23. Et culpam in facto, non scelus esse meo, coll. 4, 37; hence culpa is used as a general expression for every kind of fault, and especially for a fault of the lighter sort, as delictum. 2. Culpa and noxia suppose an injurious action; but vitium (from αὐάτη, ἄτη) merely an action or quality deserving censure, and also an undeserved natural defect. 3. Nocens, innocens, denote guilt, or absence of guilt, in a specified case, with regard to a single action; but noxius, innoxius, together with the poetical words nocuus, innocuus, relate to the nature and character in general. Plaut. Capt. iii. 5, 7. Decet innocentem servum atque innoxium confidentem esse; that is, a servant who knows himself guiltless of some particular action, and who, in general, does nothing wrong. 4. Noxius denotes a guilty person only physically, as the author and cause of an injury, like βλαβερός; but sons (ὀνοτός) morally and juridically, as one condemned, or worthy of condemnation, like θῶος. (ii. 152.)
출처: Döderlein's Hand-book of Latin Synonymes by Ludwig von Doederlein
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