뜻

1. 나르다, 낳다
2. 지지하다
3. 견디다
4. 보고하다
5. 승인하다, 비준하다

1. I bear, carry
2. I support, hold up
3. I suffer, endure
4. I report
5. I cast (a vote); pass or ratify (a law)

참고

예문

• ecce praesto sum. Loquimini contra me coram Domino et coram christo eius, utrum bovem cuiusquam tulerim an asinum, si quempiam calumniatus sum, si oppressi aliquem, si de manu cuiusquam munus accepi, ut oculos meos clauderem in eius causa. Restituam vobis ". (Biblia Sacra Vulgata, Liber I Samuelis, 12 12:3)

  여기 내가 있으니 나를 고발할 일이 있거든, 주님 앞에서 그리고 그분의 기름부음받은이 앞에서 하시오. 내가 누구의 소를 빼앗거나 누구의 나귀를 빼앗은 일이 있소? 내가 누구를 학대하거나 억압한 일이 있소? 누구에게 뇌물을 받고 눈감아 준 일이 있소? 그런 일이 있으면 내가 여러분에게 갚아 주겠소.” (불가타 성경, 사무엘기 상권, 12장 12:3)

• Tu scis, quantum illic miseriarum tulerim, cum causidicos audirem diem et noctem, in quos si incidisses, valde fortis licet tibi videaris, maluisses cloacas Augeae purgare: (Seneca, APOCOLOCYNTOSIS DIVI CLAUDII 5:29)

  (세네카, 5:29)

• qui, ut scis, potentissimorum hominum contumaciam numquam tulerim, ferrem huius adseculae? (M. Tullius Cicero, Letters to Atticus, LIBER SEXTVS AD ATTICVM, letter 3 13:4)

  (마르쿠스 툴리우스 키케로, 아티쿠스에게 보낸 편지들, , 13:4)

• Disponit qui nuntient sibi quem assensum quos clamores excitarim, quem eventum iudicii tulerim. (Pliny the Younger, Letters, book 4, letter 19 3:2)

  (소 플리니우스, 편지들, 4권, 3:2)

• sed quodcunque ex his vitium magis tulerim quam, quo nunc maxime laboratur in causis omnibus scholisque, cantandi, quod inutilius sit an foedius, nescio. (Quintilian, Institutio Oratoria, Liber XI 204:1)

  (퀸틸리아누스, 변론 가정 교육, 204:1)

유의어 사전

1. Ferre means, like φέρειν, to carry any thing portable from one place to another; portare and bajulare, like βαστάζειν, to carry a load; portare (from πορίζειν), for one’s self, or for others; bajulare, as a porter. In Cæs. B. G. i. 16. Ædui frumentum . . . . conferri, comportari, adesse dicere; conferre refers to the delivery and the contribution from several subjects to the authorities of the place; comportare, the delivery of these contributions by the authorities of the place to Cæsar. 2. Ferre, portare, and bajulare, express only an exterior relation, that of the carrier to his load, whereas gerere (ἀγείρειν) gestare, like φόρειν, an interior relation, that of the possessor to his property. As, then, bellum ferre means only either inferre bellum or tolerare, so bellum gerere has a synonymous meaning with habere, and is applicable only to the whole people, or to their sovereign, who resolved upon the war, and is in a state of war; but not to the army fighting, nor to the commander who is commissioned to conduct the war. Bellum geret populus Romanus, administrat consul, capessit miles. (i. 150.)

1. Ferre (φέρειν) represents the bearing, only with reference to the burden which is borne, altogether objectively, like φέρειν; whereas tolerare, perferre, and pati, perpeti, with subjective reference to the state of mind of the person bearing; the tolerans and perferens bear their burden without sinking under it, with strength and self-control, synonymously with sustinens, sustaining, like τολμῶν; the patiens and perpetiens (παθεῖν) without striving to get rid of it, with willingness or resignation, enduring it, synonymously with sinens. Ferre and tolerare have only a noun for their object, but pati also an infinitive. 2. Perferre is of higher import than tolerare, as perpeti is of higher import than pati, to endure heroically and patiently. Poet. ap. Cic. Tusc. iv. 29. Nec est malum, quod non natura humana patiendo ferat: compare with Tac. Ann. i. 74. Sen. Thyest. 307. Leve est miserias ferre; perferre est grave. Plin. H. N. xxvi. 21. Qui perpeti medicinam non toleraverant. Tac. Ann. iii. 3. Magnitudinem mali perferre visu non toleravit. 3. Tolerare (from τλῆναι) means to keep up under a burden, and not sink down; but sustinere means to keep up the burden, and not let it sink. 4. Pati denotes an intellectual permission, no opposition being made, like to let happen; whereas sinere (ἀνεῖναι) denotes a material permission, not to hold any thing fast nor otherwise hinder, to leave free. Pati has, in construction, the action itself for its object, and governs an infinitive; sinere, the person acting, and is in construction with ut. (iv. 259.) 5. Sustinere means to hold up, in a general sense, whereas sustentare, to hold up with trouble and difficulty. Curt. viii. 4, 15. Forte Macedo gregarius miles seque et arma sustentans tandem in castra venit; compare with v. 1, 11. Tandem Laconum acies languescere, lubrica arma sudore vix sustinens. Also, Liv. xxiii. 45. Senec. Prov. 4. a. f. (iii. 293.)

출처: Döderlein's Hand-book of Latin Synonymes by Ludwig von Doederlein