뜻

1. 나르다, 낳다
2. 지지하다
3. 견디다
4. 보고하다
5. 승인하다, 비준하다

1. I bear, carry
2. I support, hold up
3. I suffer, endure
4. I report
5. I cast (a vote); pass or ratify (a law)

참고

예문

• Quod si nullam progeniem tulerint favi, duas 4 vel tres alvorum plebes in unum contribuere licebit, sed prius respersas dulci liquore: (Columella, Lucius Junius Moderatus, Res Rustica, book 9, chapter 11 1:3)

  (콜루멜라, 루키우스 유니우스 모데라투스, 농업론, 9권, 11장 1:3)

• in quantum autem censemus defeeturos eos, qui binos aut fere singulos fetus in matre tulerint, cum etiam feracissimi translationem saepe reformident? (Columella, Lucius Junius Moderatus, Res Rustica, book 3, chapter 10 20:1)

  (콜루멜라, 루키우스 유니우스 모데라투스, 농업론, 3권, 10장 20:1)

• adeo, tamen, duci suo dediti addictique erant, ut haec tam gravia, tamque intoleranda infortunia animo aequo tulerint. (Francis Glass, Washingtonii Vita, CAPUT DECIMUM. 12:12)

  (프란키스 글라스, , 12:12)

• "Quidquid non tulerint, sibi ablatum putant, nec considerant, de quanto, sed quantum accipiant;" (Jerome, Saint, Epistulae. Selections., Ad Furiam De Viduitate Seruanda 4:24)

  (히에로니무스, 편지들, 4:24)

• etenim cum plena sint monumenta Graecorum quem ad modum sapientissimi viri regna tulerint vel Athenis vel Syracusis, cum servientibus suis civitatibus fuerint ipsi quodam modo liberi, ego me non putem tueri meum statum sic posse ut neque offendam animum cuiusquam nec frangam dignitatem meam? (M. Tullius Cicero, Epistulae ad Familiares, LIBER NONVS: AD M. VARRONEM ET CETEROS, letter 16 6:2)

  (마르쿠스 툴리우스 키케로, 친구들에게 보낸 편지들, , 6:2)

유의어 사전

1. Ferre means, like φέρειν, to carry any thing portable from one place to another; portare and bajulare, like βαστάζειν, to carry a load; portare (from πορίζειν), for one’s self, or for others; bajulare, as a porter. In Cæs. B. G. i. 16. Ædui frumentum . . . . conferri, comportari, adesse dicere; conferre refers to the delivery and the contribution from several subjects to the authorities of the place; comportare, the delivery of these contributions by the authorities of the place to Cæsar. 2. Ferre, portare, and bajulare, express only an exterior relation, that of the carrier to his load, whereas gerere (ἀγείρειν) gestare, like φόρειν, an interior relation, that of the possessor to his property. As, then, bellum ferre means only either inferre bellum or tolerare, so bellum gerere has a synonymous meaning with habere, and is applicable only to the whole people, or to their sovereign, who resolved upon the war, and is in a state of war; but not to the army fighting, nor to the commander who is commissioned to conduct the war. Bellum geret populus Romanus, administrat consul, capessit miles. (i. 150.)

1. Ferre (φέρειν) represents the bearing, only with reference to the burden which is borne, altogether objectively, like φέρειν; whereas tolerare, perferre, and pati, perpeti, with subjective reference to the state of mind of the person bearing; the tolerans and perferens bear their burden without sinking under it, with strength and self-control, synonymously with sustinens, sustaining, like τολμῶν; the patiens and perpetiens (παθεῖν) without striving to get rid of it, with willingness or resignation, enduring it, synonymously with sinens. Ferre and tolerare have only a noun for their object, but pati also an infinitive. 2. Perferre is of higher import than tolerare, as perpeti is of higher import than pati, to endure heroically and patiently. Poet. ap. Cic. Tusc. iv. 29. Nec est malum, quod non natura humana patiendo ferat: compare with Tac. Ann. i. 74. Sen. Thyest. 307. Leve est miserias ferre; perferre est grave. Plin. H. N. xxvi. 21. Qui perpeti medicinam non toleraverant. Tac. Ann. iii. 3. Magnitudinem mali perferre visu non toleravit. 3. Tolerare (from τλῆναι) means to keep up under a burden, and not sink down; but sustinere means to keep up the burden, and not let it sink. 4. Pati denotes an intellectual permission, no opposition being made, like to let happen; whereas sinere (ἀνεῖναι) denotes a material permission, not to hold any thing fast nor otherwise hinder, to leave free. Pati has, in construction, the action itself for its object, and governs an infinitive; sinere, the person acting, and is in construction with ut. (iv. 259.) 5. Sustinere means to hold up, in a general sense, whereas sustentare, to hold up with trouble and difficulty. Curt. viii. 4, 15. Forte Macedo gregarius miles seque et arma sustentans tandem in castra venit; compare with v. 1, 11. Tandem Laconum acies languescere, lubrica arma sudore vix sustinens. Also, Liv. xxiii. 45. Senec. Prov. 4. a. f. (iii. 293.)

출처: Döderlein's Hand-book of Latin Synonymes by Ludwig von Doederlein