뜻

1. 나르다, 운반하다
2. 발표하다, 알리다, 공표하다, 밝히다
3. 끝까지 참다, 참아내다
4. 견디다, 내성이 있다, 받아들이다, 허용하다
5. 마무리짓다, 완결하다, 달성하다, 성취하다
6. 유지하다, 보유하다, 지속하다, 관리하다
7. 받다, 지다, 짊어지다 (벌, 비난, 책임 등을)

1. I bear, carry or convey through to a place or to the end; bring home.
2. I convey news, announce, state.
3. (figuratively) I bear, support or endure to the end.
4. (figuratively) I bear, suffer, tolerate, put up with, submit to, endure.
5. (figuratively) I bring to an end, carry out, complete, finish, accomplish.
6. (figuratively) I carry out, conduct, maintain, manage.
7. (Ecclesiastical Latin) I bear the penalty of.

예문

• Cohors praetoria ex adverso Augustum cautius stipans, resistentium pectora moxque terga fugientium incidebat, et cadentes insuperabili contumacia barbari non tam mortem dolere, quam nostrorum laetitiam, horrendo stridore monstrabant, et iacentes absque mortuis plurimi, succisis poplitibus ideoque adempto fugiendi subsidio, alii dexteris amputatis, non nulli ferro quidem intacti, sed superruentium collisi ponderibus, cruciatus alto silentio perferebant. (Ammianus Marcellinus, Rerum Gestarum libri qui supersunt, Liber XVII, chapter 13 10:1)

  (암미아누스 마르켈리누스, 사건 연대기, , 13장 10:1)

• Medebatur ergo suis quisque vulneribus pro possibilitate vel curantium copia, cum quidam graviter saucii, cruore exhausto, spiritus reluctantes efflarent, alii confossi mucronibus frustraque curati, animis in ventum solutis, proiciebantur exstincti, aliquorum foratis undique membris mederi periti vetabant, ne offensionibus cassis animae vexarentur afflictae, non nulli vellendis sagittis in ancipiti curatione graviora morte supplicia perferebant. (Ammianus Marcellinus, Rerum Gestarum libri qui supersunt, LIBER XIX, chapter 2 15:1)

  (암미아누스 마르켈리누스, 사건 연대기, , 2장 15:1)

• Post hos elephantorum fulgentium formidandam speciem et truculentos hiatus, vix mentes pavidae perferebant, ad quorum stridorem odoremque et insuetum aspectum magis equi terrebantur. (Ammianus Marcellinus, Rerum Gestarum libri qui supersunt, Liber XXV, chapter 1 14:1)

  (암미아누스 마르켈리누스, 사건 연대기, , 1장 14:1)

• Postremo ob multa et metuenda, quae super eadem insula rumores assidui perferebant, electus Theodosius illuc properare disponitur, officiis Martiis felicissime cognitus, asscitaque animosa legionum et cohortium pube, ire tendebat praeeunte fiducia speciosa. (Ammianus Marcellinus, Rerum Gestarum libri qui supersunt, Liber XXVII, chapter 8 3:1)

  (암미아누스 마르켈리누스, 사건 연대기, , 8장 3:1)

• Contra Romani, quamvis admodum pauci, tamen fortibus animis, victoriisque antegressis elati, densetis lateribus, scutisque in testudinis formam cohaerenter aptatis, restiterunt gradibus fixis, et a sole orto usque ad diei extimum pugna protenta, paulo ante vesperam visus est Firmus, equo celsiori insidens, sago puniceo porrectius panso, milites clamoribus magnis hortari, ut dedant Theodosium opportune, truculentum eum appellans et dirum, et suppliciorum saevum repertorem, si discriminibus eximi vellent, quae perferebant. (Ammianus Marcellinus, Rerum Gestarum libri qui supersunt, Liber XXIX, chapter 5 48:1)

  (암미아누스 마르켈리누스, 사건 연대기, , 5장 48:1)

유의어 사전

1. Ferre (φέρειν) represents the bearing, only with reference to the burden which is borne, altogether objectively, like φέρειν; whereas tolerare, perferre, and pati, perpeti, with subjective reference to the state of mind of the person bearing; the tolerans and perferens bear their burden without sinking under it, with strength and self-control, synonymously with sustinens, sustaining, like τολμῶν; the patiens and perpetiens (παθεῖν) without striving to get rid of it, with willingness or resignation, enduring it, synonymously with sinens. Ferre and tolerare have only a noun for their object, but pati also an infinitive. 2. Perferre is of higher import than tolerare, as perpeti is of higher import than pati, to endure heroically and patiently. Poet. ap. Cic. Tusc. iv. 29. Nec est malum, quod non natura humana patiendo ferat: compare with Tac. Ann. i. 74. Sen. Thyest. 307. Leve est miserias ferre; perferre est grave. Plin. H. N. xxvi. 21. Qui perpeti medicinam non toleraverant. Tac. Ann. iii. 3. Magnitudinem mali perferre visu non toleravit. 3. Tolerare (from τλῆναι) means to keep up under a burden, and not sink down; but sustinere means to keep up the burden, and not let it sink. 4. Pati denotes an intellectual permission, no opposition being made, like to let happen; whereas sinere (ἀνεῖναι) denotes a material permission, not to hold any thing fast nor otherwise hinder, to leave free. Pati has, in construction, the action itself for its object, and governs an infinitive; sinere, the person acting, and is in construction with ut. (iv. 259.) 5. Sustinere means to hold up, in a general sense, whereas sustentare, to hold up with trouble and difficulty. Curt. viii. 4, 15. Forte Macedo gregarius miles seque et arma sustentans tandem in castra venit; compare with v. 1, 11. Tandem Laconum acies languescere, lubrica arma sudore vix sustinens. Also, Liv. xxiii. 45. Senec. Prov. 4. a. f. (iii. 293.)

출처: Döderlein's Hand-book of Latin Synonymes by Ludwig von Doederlein