뜻

1. 붙잡다, 쥐다, 유지하다, 견디다, 지탱하다, 참다
2. 머무르다, 지체시키다, 조절하다
3. 연기시키다, 미루다, 지연시키다
4. 유지하다, 보존하다, 지속하다; 지키다, 보호하다
5. 겪다, 견디다, 이겨내다

1. I hold up or upright, uphold, keep up, bear up, support, sustain, tolerate.
2. I hold or keep back or in, stay, check, restrain, control.
3. I keep back, put off, defer, delay.
4. I uphold, sustain, maintain, preserve; guard, protect.
5. I undergo, endure, deign, withstand, hold out.

예문

• bene meritis praemia tribuisset (cognoscendi enim maximam facultatem habebat, quali quisque fuisset animo in totius Galliae defectione, quam sustinuerat fidelitate atque auxiliis provinciae illius), his confectis rebus ad legiones in Belgium se recipit hibernatque Nemetocennae. (CAESAR, COMMENTARIORVM DE BELLO GALLICO, OCTAVVS, XLVII 47:6)

  (카이사르, 갈리아 전기, 8권, 47장 47:6)

• postquam uero pontificatum maximum, quem numquam uiuo Lepido auferre sustinuerat, mortuo demum suscepit, quidquid fatidicorum librorum Graeci Latinique generis nullis uel parum idoneis auctoribus uulgo ferebatur, supra duo milia contracta undique cremauit ac solos retinuit Sibyllinos, hos quoque dilectu habito; (C. Suetonius Tranquillus, De Vita Caesarum, Divus Augustus, chapter 31 1:1)

  (가이우스 수에토니우스 트란퀼루스, 황제전, , 31장 1:1)

• Adsedit aegrotanti et, quae propter te sua fastidia sustinuerat, tua quoque passa est. (Jerome, Saint, Epistulae. Selections., An Matrem et Filiam In Gallia Commorantes 4:6)

  (히에로니무스, 편지들, 4:6)

• Idem enim paulo ante Lyncestem Alexandrum delatum a duobus indicibus damnare non sustinuerat, humiliores quoque reos contra suam voluntatem, quia ceteris videbantur insontes, passus absolvi, hostibus victis regna reddiderat: (Curtius Rufus, Quintus, Historiae Alexandri Magni, book 10, chapter 1 44:2)

  (쿠르티우스 루푸스, 퀸투스, 알렉산드로스 대왕 전기, 10권, 1장 44:2)

• hic si omittamus antecedentium principum casus vel secutorum, solus iste peculiaris tuus Maximus maximo nobis ad ista documento poterit esse, qui quamquam in arcem praefectoriam patriciam consularemque intrepidus ascenderat eosque quos gesserat magistratus ceu recurrentibus orbitis inexpletus iteraverat, cum tamen venit omnibus viribus ad principalis apicis abruptum, quandam potestatis immensae vertiginem sub corona patiebatur nec sustinebat dominus esse, qui non sustinuerat esse sub domino. (Sidonius Apollinaris, Epistulae, book 2, Sidonius Serrano suo salutem 3:1)

  (시도니우스 아폴리나리스, 편지들, 2권, 3:1)

유의어 사전

1. Ferre (φέρειν) represents the bearing, only with reference to the burden which is borne, altogether objectively, like φέρειν; whereas tolerare, perferre, and pati, perpeti, with subjective reference to the state of mind of the person bearing; the tolerans and perferens bear their burden without sinking under it, with strength and self-control, synonymously with sustinens, sustaining, like τολμῶν; the patiens and perpetiens (παθεῖν) without striving to get rid of it, with willingness or resignation, enduring it, synonymously with sinens. Ferre and tolerare have only a noun for their object, but pati also an infinitive. 2. Perferre is of higher import than tolerare, as perpeti is of higher import than pati, to endure heroically and patiently. Poet. ap. Cic. Tusc. iv. 29. Nec est malum, quod non natura humana patiendo ferat: compare with Tac. Ann. i. 74. Sen. Thyest. 307. Leve est miserias ferre; perferre est grave. Plin. H. N. xxvi. 21. Qui perpeti medicinam non toleraverant. Tac. Ann. iii. 3. Magnitudinem mali perferre visu non toleravit. 3. Tolerare (from τλῆναι) means to keep up under a burden, and not sink down; but sustinere means to keep up the burden, and not let it sink. 4. Pati denotes an intellectual permission, no opposition being made, like to let happen; whereas sinere (ἀνεῖναι) denotes a material permission, not to hold any thing fast nor otherwise hinder, to leave free. Pati has, in construction, the action itself for its object, and governs an infinitive; sinere, the person acting, and is in construction with ut. (iv. 259.) 5. Sustinere means to hold up, in a general sense, whereas sustentare, to hold up with trouble and difficulty. Curt. viii. 4, 15. Forte Macedo gregarius miles seque et arma sustentans tandem in castra venit; compare with v. 1, 11. Tandem Laconum acies languescere, lubrica arma sudore vix sustinens. Also, Liv. xxiii. 45. Senec. Prov. 4. a. f. (iii. 293.)

출처: Döderlein's Hand-book of Latin Synonymes by Ludwig von Doederlein