뜻

1. 붙잡다, 쥐다, 유지하다, 견디다, 지탱하다, 참다
2. 머무르다, 지체시키다, 조절하다
3. 연기시키다, 미루다, 지연시키다
4. 유지하다, 보존하다, 지속하다; 지키다, 보호하다
5. 겪다, 견디다, 이겨내다

1. I hold up or upright, uphold, keep up, bear up, support, sustain, tolerate.
2. I hold or keep back or in, stay, check, restrain, control.
3. I keep back, put off, defer, delay.
4. I uphold, sustain, maintain, preserve; guard, protect.
5. I undergo, endure, deign, withstand, hold out.

예문

• Tu scis, Domine; recordare mei et visita me et vindica me de his, qui persequuntur me; noli in patientia tua abripere me, scito quoniam sustinui pro te opprobrium. (Biblia Sacra Vulgata, Liber Ieremiae, 15 15:15)

  주님, 당신께서는 저를 아십니다. 저를 기억하시고 찾아 주소서. 저를 뒤쫓는 자들에게 복수하여 주소서. 당신 분노를 늦추시다가 저를 잃지 마시고 당신 때문에 제가 수모를 당하는 줄 알아주소서. (불가타 성경, 예레미야서, 15장 15:15)

• Postquam enim convertisti me, egi paenitentiam; et postquam ostendisti mihi, percussi femur meum; confusus sum et erubui, quoniam sustinui opprobrium adulescentiae meae". (Biblia Sacra Vulgata, Liber Ieremiae, 31 31:19)

  저는 돌아오고 나서야 뉘우쳤고 깨닫고 나서야 제 가슴을 쳤습니다. 젊어서 부끄러운 일을 저지른 탓으로 치욕과 수모를 겪게 되었습니다.’ (불가타 성경, 예레미야서, 31장 31:19)

• tamen omnia vincens Sustinui nostris vos tantum deesse triumphis: (M. Annaeus Lucanus, Pharsalia, book 8 3:6)

  (마르쿠스 안나이우스 루카누스, 파르살리아, 8권 3:6)

• sed tamen ego quidem me sustinui; (M. Tullius Cicero, Epistulae ad Familiares, LIBER SEXTVS: AD A. TORQVATVM ET CETEROS, letter 7 3:7)

  (마르쿠스 툴리우스 키케로, 친구들에게 보낸 편지들, , 3:7)

• ego cum accepissem tuas litteras Nonis Aprilibus quas Cephalio attulerat, essemque Menturnis postridie mansurus et inde protinus, sustinui me in Arcano fratris, ut, dum aliquid certius adferretur, occultiore in loco essemus agerenturque nihilo minus quae sine nobis agi possunt. (M. Tullius Cicero, Letters to Atticus, LIBER DECIMVS AD ATTICVM, letter 2 2:1)

  (마르쿠스 툴리우스 키케로, 아티쿠스에게 보낸 편지들, , 2:1)

유의어 사전

1. Ferre (φέρειν) represents the bearing, only with reference to the burden which is borne, altogether objectively, like φέρειν; whereas tolerare, perferre, and pati, perpeti, with subjective reference to the state of mind of the person bearing; the tolerans and perferens bear their burden without sinking under it, with strength and self-control, synonymously with sustinens, sustaining, like τολμῶν; the patiens and perpetiens (παθεῖν) without striving to get rid of it, with willingness or resignation, enduring it, synonymously with sinens. Ferre and tolerare have only a noun for their object, but pati also an infinitive. 2. Perferre is of higher import than tolerare, as perpeti is of higher import than pati, to endure heroically and patiently. Poet. ap. Cic. Tusc. iv. 29. Nec est malum, quod non natura humana patiendo ferat: compare with Tac. Ann. i. 74. Sen. Thyest. 307. Leve est miserias ferre; perferre est grave. Plin. H. N. xxvi. 21. Qui perpeti medicinam non toleraverant. Tac. Ann. iii. 3. Magnitudinem mali perferre visu non toleravit. 3. Tolerare (from τλῆναι) means to keep up under a burden, and not sink down; but sustinere means to keep up the burden, and not let it sink. 4. Pati denotes an intellectual permission, no opposition being made, like to let happen; whereas sinere (ἀνεῖναι) denotes a material permission, not to hold any thing fast nor otherwise hinder, to leave free. Pati has, in construction, the action itself for its object, and governs an infinitive; sinere, the person acting, and is in construction with ut. (iv. 259.) 5. Sustinere means to hold up, in a general sense, whereas sustentare, to hold up with trouble and difficulty. Curt. viii. 4, 15. Forte Macedo gregarius miles seque et arma sustentans tandem in castra venit; compare with v. 1, 11. Tandem Laconum acies languescere, lubrica arma sudore vix sustinens. Also, Liv. xxiii. 45. Senec. Prov. 4. a. f. (iii. 293.)

출처: Döderlein's Hand-book of Latin Synonymes by Ludwig von Doederlein