뜻

1. 붙잡다, 쥐다, 유지하다, 견디다, 지탱하다, 참다
2. 머무르다, 지체시키다, 조절하다
3. 연기시키다, 미루다, 지연시키다
4. 유지하다, 보존하다, 지속하다; 지키다, 보호하다
5. 겪다, 견디다, 이겨내다

1. I hold up or upright, uphold, keep up, bear up, support, sustain, tolerate.
2. I hold or keep back or in, stay, check, restrain, control.
3. I keep back, put off, defer, delay.
4. I uphold, sustain, maintain, preserve; guard, protect.
5. I undergo, endure, deign, withstand, hold out.

예문

• Ei, dum pari certamine res geri potuit, magnum hostium numerum pauci sustinuere; (CAESAR, COMMENTARIORVM DE BELLO CIVILI, PRIMVS 51:11)

  (카이사르, 내란기, 1권 51:11)

• non tamen sustinuere aciem Romanam Aequi; (Titus Livius (Livy), Ab Urbe Condita, Liber III 22:1)

  (티투스 리비우스, 로마 건국사, 22:1)

• Sed obtrectatores malivoli vetus factum laudantes, hoc ut dirum vituperant et asperrimum, Dardanos hostes memorantes internecivos, et iuste quae sustinuere perpessos, hos vero subsignanos milites debuisse lenius corrigi, ad unum prolapsos errorem. (Ammianus Marcellinus, Rerum Gestarum libri qui supersunt, Liber XXIX, chapter 5 23:1)

  (암미아누스 마르켈리누스, 사건 연대기, , 5장 23:1)

• Nec sustinuere adventum eius Persae defectione quoque perterriti. (Curtius Rufus, Quintus, Historiae Alexandri Magni, book 4, chapter 7 4:2)

  (쿠르티우스 루푸스, 퀸투스, 알렉산드로스 대왕 전기, 4권, 7장 4:2)

• Nabarzanes ceterique parricidae procumbentes humi, quem paulo post in vinculis habituri erant, sustinuere venerari, lacrimas etiam paenitentiae indices profuderunt: (Curtius Rufus, Quintus, Historiae Alexandri Magni, book 5, chapter 10 16:1)

  (쿠르티우스 루푸스, 퀸투스, 알렉산드로스 대왕 전기, 5권, 10장 16:1)

유의어 사전

1. Ferre (φέρειν) represents the bearing, only with reference to the burden which is borne, altogether objectively, like φέρειν; whereas tolerare, perferre, and pati, perpeti, with subjective reference to the state of mind of the person bearing; the tolerans and perferens bear their burden without sinking under it, with strength and self-control, synonymously with sustinens, sustaining, like τολμῶν; the patiens and perpetiens (παθεῖν) without striving to get rid of it, with willingness or resignation, enduring it, synonymously with sinens. Ferre and tolerare have only a noun for their object, but pati also an infinitive. 2. Perferre is of higher import than tolerare, as perpeti is of higher import than pati, to endure heroically and patiently. Poet. ap. Cic. Tusc. iv. 29. Nec est malum, quod non natura humana patiendo ferat: compare with Tac. Ann. i. 74. Sen. Thyest. 307. Leve est miserias ferre; perferre est grave. Plin. H. N. xxvi. 21. Qui perpeti medicinam non toleraverant. Tac. Ann. iii. 3. Magnitudinem mali perferre visu non toleravit. 3. Tolerare (from τλῆναι) means to keep up under a burden, and not sink down; but sustinere means to keep up the burden, and not let it sink. 4. Pati denotes an intellectual permission, no opposition being made, like to let happen; whereas sinere (ἀνεῖναι) denotes a material permission, not to hold any thing fast nor otherwise hinder, to leave free. Pati has, in construction, the action itself for its object, and governs an infinitive; sinere, the person acting, and is in construction with ut. (iv. 259.) 5. Sustinere means to hold up, in a general sense, whereas sustentare, to hold up with trouble and difficulty. Curt. viii. 4, 15. Forte Macedo gregarius miles seque et arma sustentans tandem in castra venit; compare with v. 1, 11. Tandem Laconum acies languescere, lubrica arma sudore vix sustinens. Also, Liv. xxiii. 45. Senec. Prov. 4. a. f. (iii. 293.)

출처: Döderlein's Hand-book of Latin Synonymes by Ludwig von Doederlein